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Andrew Jackson US Presidential Dollar Coin

Andrew Jackson 2008 US Presidential One Dollar Coin

The Andrew Jackson Presidential Dollar was released on August 14, 2008. This was the seventh coin in the Presidential Dollars series and the third release of 2008.
Andrew Jackson fought in the Revolutionary War and was a hero in the War of 1812. As President, he worked to strengthen the executive branch of the government, vetoing more bills than the prior six presidents combined. He served two terms as the 7th President of the United States from 1829-1837.
The official launch ceremony for the Andrew Jackson Presidential Dollar was held at the Hermitage near Nashville, Tennessee. This was President Jackson’s former home. The United States Mint Deputy Director Andrew Brunhart and the past regent of the Hermitage Board of Directors Richard Cowart were in attendance. A ceremonial “coin pour” of new Andrew Jackson Dollars took place. The public was invited to exchange their paper dollars for new dollar coins.

The obverse of the Andrew Jackson Presidential Dollar features a portrait of the President, while the reverse features a rendition of the Statue of Liberty. The obverse was designed by Joel Iskowitz and sculpted by Jim Licaretz. The reverse was designed and sculpted by Don Everhart.
The obverse includes the inscriptions “Andrew Jackson,” “7th President,” and the years of his presidential term “1829-1837.” The reverse inscriptions include “United States of America,” and the denomination “$1.” The date and mint mark are located on the edge inscription of the coin along with the mottoes “In God We Trust” and “E Pluribus Unum.”

The Philadelphia mint produced 61,080,000 coins. The Denver mint produced 61,070,000 coins. The total was slightly greater than overall circulating coin production figures for the prior coin honoring John Quincy Adams. Notably, this coin broke the streak of declining production figures for Presidential Dollar coin releases.

Andrew Jackson Presidential Dollar Coin Specifications:
Diameter: 26.5 mm
Weight: 8.1g
Thickness: 2.0 mm
Edge: Lettered
Composition: 88.5% copper, 6% zinc, 3.5% manganese, 2% nickel
Mintage: 61,080,000 Philadelphia, 61,070,000 Denver

Andrew Jackson’s Liberty 2008 10 Dollars First Spouse Gold Coins

Presidential $1 Coin — Lady Liberty Reverse Statue of Liberty, 1886

US One Dollar Coin, Lady Liberty - Statue of Liberty

On October 28, 1886, President Grover Cleveland accepted the Statue of Liberty on behalf of the United States and said, in part, "We will not forget that Liberty has here made her home; nor shall her chosen altar be neglected."
She is the work of sculptor Frederic Auguste Bartholdi, who enlisted the assistance of engineer Alexandre Gustave Eiffel, designer of the Eiffel Tower, to help him solve some of the structural challenges presented by creating a statue of such magnitude.
The Statue of Liberty was completed in 1884 and shipped to the United States in June 1885, having been disassembled into 350 individual pieces that were packed in over 200 crates for the transatlantic voyage. In four months’ time, she was re-assembled in New York Harbor, standing just over 151 feet from the top of the statue’s base to the tip of the torch her right hand holds high above the waters of New York Harbor.
Originally intended as a gift to celebrate the American Centennial in 1876, the Statue of Liberty was given to the United States as a symbol of the friendship forged between the new American government and the government of France during the American Revolutionary War.
The tablet she holds in her left hand carries the inscription "July IV MDCCLXXVI" in reference to the July 4, 1776, signing of the Declaration of Independence and the birth of the Nation.
There are 25 windows running the length of Lady Liberty’s crown, which is topped by seven rays, meant to convey both the light of the sun and the seven seas and continents of the world.
For millions of Americans, the Statue of Liberty was the first sight that their ancestors saw as they arrived in America after having left their homes in search of a better life for themselves and for their families.
To celebrate her 100th anniversary, the Statue of Liberty was featured on a United States commemorative coin in 1986. In 1997, a close-up image of the Lady Liberty was chosen for the obverse of the new American Eagle platinum coins.

Andrew Jackson Presidential $1 Coin — Seventh President, 1829-1837

Andrew Jackson
Andrew Jackson (March 15, 1767 – June 8, 1845) was the seventh President of the United States (1829–1837). A citizen of Tennessee, Andrew Jackson was the first president elected from west of the Appalachian Mountains. He was born near the end of the colonial era, somewhere near the then-unmarked border between North and South Carolina, into a recently immigrated Scots-Irish farming family of relatively modest means. During the American Revolutionary War Jackson, whose family supported the revolutionary cause, acted as a courier. As a boy, he fought in the Revolutionary War. Jackson gained national prominence as a hero of the War of 1812, and was nicknamed “Old Hickory” for his firm discipline as commander of his troops. He was captured, at age 13, and mistreated by his British captors. He later became a lawyer. He was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives, and then to the U.S. Senate. In 1801, Jackson was appointed colonel in the Tennessee militia, which became his political as well as military base. Jackson owned hundreds of slaves who worked on the Hermitage plantation which he acquired in 1804. He killed a man in a duel in 1806, over a matter of honor regarding his wife Rachel. Jackson gained national fame through his role in the War of 1812, most famously where he won a decisive victory over the main British invasion army at the Battle of New Orleans. In response to conflict with the Seminole in Spanish Florida, Jackson invaded the territory in 1818. This led directly to the Adams–Onís Treaty, which formally transferred Florida from Spain to the United States.
After winning election to the Senate, Jackson decided to run for president in 1824. He narrowly lost to John Quincy Adams, supposedly by a "corrupt bargain" between Adams and Speaker of the House Henry Clay, who was also a candidate. Jackson's supporters then founded what became the Democratic Party. Jackson ran again in 1828 against Adams. Building on his base in the West and new support from Virginia and New York, he won by a landslide. Jackson blamed the death of his wife, Rachel, which occurred just after the election, on the Adams campaigners who called her a "bigamist."
As president, Jackson faced a threat of secession from South Carolina over the "Tariff of Abominations" which Congress had enacted under Adams. In contrast to several of his immediate successors, he denied the right of a state to secede from the union, or to nullify federal law. The Nullification Crisis was defused when the tariff was amended and Jackson threatened the use of military force if South Carolina (or any other state) attempted to secede. In anticipation of the 1832 election, Congress, led by Clay, attempted to reauthorize the Second Bank of the United States four years before the expiration of its charter. In keeping with his platform of economic decentralization, Jackson vetoed the renewal of its charter, thereby seemingly putting his chances for reelection in jeopardy. However, Jackson, by portraying himself as the defender of the common man against wealthy bankers, was able to defeat Clay in the election that year. Jackson thoroughly dismantled the bank by the time its charter expired in 1836. Jackson's struggles with Congress were personified in his personal rivalry with Clay, whom Jackson deeply disliked, and who led the opposition (the emerging Whig Party). Jackson's presidency marked the beginning of the ascendancy of the "spoils system" in American politics. Jackson is also known for having signed the Indian Removal Act, which relocated a number of native tribes in the South to Indian Territory (now Oklahoma).
Jackson supported his vice president Martin Van Buren, who was elected president in 1836. He worked to bolster the Democratic Party and helped his friend James K. Polk win the 1844 presidential election.
President Jackson authorized three southern branches of the United States Mint in 1835 – New Orleans, Charlotte, and Dahlonega.

Coinage Legislation under President Andrew Jackson
— Act of June 25, 1834 — This Act regulates the legal-tender value of certain foreign silver coins.
— Act of June 28, 1834 — This Act regulates the legal-tender value of certain foreign gold coins.
— Act of June 28, 1834 — This Act sets the standard weight of U.S. gold coins, sets the standard for payment for gold or silver deposited for coinage, sets the rate at which gold coins shall be receivable, and directs the setting apart of gold coins for assay.
— Act of March 3, 1835 — This Act establishes a branch of the United States Mint for the coinage of silver and gold at New Orleans, Louisiana, and branches for the coinage of gold at Charlotte, North Carolina and Dahlonega, Georgia.
— Act of January 18, 1837 — This Act:
- sets forth the duties and increases the salaries of the officers of the United States Mint, with the Director earning $3,500 per year including travel expenses;
- sets forth the composition and weight of gold and silver coins;
- mandates that each coin struck at the United States Mint shall have on one side an impression emblematic of liberty with an inscription of the word “Liberty” and the year of the coinage; and that the reverse of gold and silver coins shall have the representation of an eagle with the inscription “United States of America.” The figure of the eagle shall be omitted from the reverse of the dime, half dime, cent, and half cent;
- makes provisions for gold and silver bullion that is brought to the Mint for coinage.

United States Mint Directors appointed by President Jackson
— 1835 Robert Maskell Patterson, M.D — Sixth Director of the United States Mint

Martin Van Buren US Presidential One Dollar Coin

Martin Van Buren 2008 US Presidential One Dollar Coin

The Martin Van Buren Presidential Dollar was released for circulation on November 13, 2008. This was the eighth coin in the Presidential Dollars series and the final release for the year 2008.
Martin Van Buren was a President of two important firsts. He was the first president from New York, and the first president born as an American Citizen. Before being elected President, he served as governor of New York, Senator, Secretary of State, and Vice President. Van Buren served as the 8th President of the United States for one term from 1837 to 1841.
An official launch ceremony for the Martin Van Buren Dollar was held on December 5, 2008 at the Martin Van Buren National Historic Site at Kinderhook, New York. The event was attended by United States Mint Deputy Director Andrew Brunhart, Mayor Bill Van Alstyne, and coin designer Joel Iskowitz. Attendees witnessed a ceremonial coin pour and were allowed to exchange currency for roll of the newly issued coin.

The obverse features a portrait of President Van Buren, designed by Joel Iskowitz and sculpted by Phebe Hemphill. The reverse of the coin features a rendition of the Statue of Liberty by Don Everhart. This design has been used on the reverse of all Presidential Dollars.
The obverse inscriptions include “Martin Van Buren,” “8th President,” and the years of his presidential term “1837-1841.” The reverse inscriptions include “United States of America” and the denomination “$1.” The date and mint mark are located on the edge inscription of the coin along with the mottoes “In God We Trust” and “E Pluribus Unum.”

This was the final coin of the series which would include the motto “In God We Trust” on the edge of the coin. In the following year, it was moved to the obverse.
Mintage levels for the series resumed their decline with the Martin Van Buren Presidential Dollar. Just over 100 million coins were produced for circulation at the Philadelphia and Denver Mint facilities.
In addition to the circulation strikes, the United States Mint also produced special versions of the coins for collectors. This included proof versions struck at the San Francisco Mint and satin finish versions struck at the Philadelphia and Denver Mints. These coins were included in annual coin sets and other numismatic products.

Martin Van Buren Presidential Dollar Coin Specifications:
Diameter: 26.5 mm
Weight: 8.1g
Thickness: 2.0 mm
Edge: Lettered
Composition: 88.5% copper, 6% zinc, 3.5% manganese, 2% nickel
Mintage: 51,520,000 Philadelphia, 50,960,000 Denver

Martin Van Buren’s Liberty 2008 10 Dollars First Spouse Gold Coins

Presidential $1 Coin — Lady Liberty Reverse Statue of Liberty, 1886

Martin Van Buren Presidential $1 Coin — Eighth President, 1837-1841

Martin Van Buren
Martin Van Buren (Dutch: Maarten van Buren; December 5, 1782 – July 24, 1862) was an American politician who served as the eighth President of the United States (1837–1841). Martin Van Buren, the first president from New York and not of British descent, was also the first president to be born an American citizen. Raised in a Dutch neighborhood in Kinderhook, New York, his interest in politics took root at his father’s tavern where prominent politicians, including Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr, would stop by on their travels. A member of the Democratic Party, he served in a number of senior roles, including eighth Vice President (1833–1837) and tenth Secretary of State (1829–1831), both under Andrew Jackson. Van Buren's inability as president to deal with the economic chaos of the Panic of 1837 and with the surging Whig Party led to his defeat in the 1840 election.
Of Dutch ancestry, Van Buren learned early to interact with people from multiple ethnic, income, and societal groups, which he used to his advantage as a political organizer. A meticulous dresser, he could mingle in upper class society as well as in saloon environments like the tavern his father ran. A delegate to a political convention at age 18, he quickly moved from local to state politics, gaining fame both as a political organizer and an accomplished lawyer. Elected to the Senate by the state legislature in 1821, Van Buren supported William H. Crawford for president in 1824, but by 1828 had come to support General Andrew Jackson. Van Buren was a major supporter and organizer for Jackson in the 1828 election. Jackson was elected, and made Van Buren Secretary of State.
During Jackson's eight years as president, Van Buren was a key advisor, and built the organizational structure for the coalescing Democratic Party, particularly in New York. In 1831, following his resignation as Secretary of State, Jackson gave Van Buren a recess appointment as American minister to Britain, but Van Buren's nomination was rejected by the Senate, cutting short his service in London. He was successful in the jockeying to become Jackson's picked successor, and was elected vice president in 1832. Van Buren defeated several Whig opponents in 1836, and was elected president. He was the third sitting Vice President to be elected directly to the presidency, following John Adams in 1796 and Thomas Jefferson in 1800, and the last for 152 years, until George H. W. Bush was elected in 1988.
As president, Van Buren initiated an independent federal treasury system to take the place of state banks’ handling of federal monies and peacefully settled disputes with Great Britain that were threatening to take the country to war.
As president, Van Buren was blamed for the depression of 1837; hostile newspapers called him "Martin Van Ruin". He attempted to cure the economic problems by keeping control of federal funds in an independent treasury — rather than in state banks—but Congress would not approve of this until 1840. In foreign affairs, he denied the application of Texas for admission to the Union, unwilling to upset the balance of free and slave states in the Missouri Compromise, and hoping to avoid war with Mexico over Texas annexation by purchasing the territory from Mexico's government. Additionally, relations with Britain and its colonies in Canada proved to be strained from the bloodless Aroostook War and the Caroline Affair.
In 1840, Van Buren was voted out of office, losing to Whig candidate William Henry Harrison. Van Buren was the leading candidate for the Democratic nomination in 1844, but lost to James K. Polk, who went on to win the election. In the 1848 election Van Buren ran unsuccessfully as the candidate of the Free Soil Party. He also supported fellow Democrats Franklin Pierce (1852), James Buchanan (1856), and Stephen A. Douglas (1860) for the presidency, but his increasingly abolitionist views and support for the Union led him to support Abraham Lincoln's policies after the start of the American Civil War.
Van Buren's health began to fail in 1861, and he died in July 1862 at the age of seventy-nine. Although he served in many high offices, his most lasting achievement was as a political organizer who built the modern Democratic Party and guided it to dominance in the new Second Party System.

Coinage Legislation under President Martin Van Buren
No coinage legislation was enacted under President Van Buren.

United States Mint Directors appointed by President Van Buren
President Martin Van Buren did not appoint a Director of the United States Mint.

William Henry Harrison US Presidential One Dollar Coin

William Henry Harrison 2009 US Presidential One Dollar Coin

The William Henry Harrison Dollar was the first release of the Presidential Dollar series for the year 2009. It marked the ninth release in the series overall. Notably, this was the first Presidential Dollar which carried the “In God We Trust” motto on the obverse of the coin rather than the edge lettering. The official release date was February 19, 2009.

William Henry Harrison became the ninth President of the United States in 1841. He delivered his one hour and 45 minute long inaugural speech during a rainstorm, without wearing a hat or coat. As a result of the exposure to the elements, he developed pneumonia and died just 30 days after his inauguration. He was the first President to die in office.

An official launch ceremony for the William Henry Harrison Dollar was held on Berkeley Plantation in Charles City, Virginia. The event included a ceremonial coin pour, tours of the 18th century manor, a coin exchange, and a free William Henry Harrison Presidential Dollar for children in attendance. The ceremony was attended by US Mint Deputy Director Andrew Brunhart.

The obverse of the William Henry Harrison Dollar features a portrait of the former President. It was designed and sculpted by Joseph Menna. The inscriptions include “William Henry Harrison,” “In God We Trust,” “9th President,” and the year of his Presidential term “1841.”

The reverse of the coin will continue to bear the same Statue of Liberty design used on all prior coins of the series. The reverse was designed and sculpted by Don Everhart.

The date, mint mark, and motto “E Pluribus Unum” appear on the edge of the coin. Thirteen stars are used to separate the motto and date.

The mintage for the 2009 William Henry Harrison Presidential Dollar marked another low for the series. The Philadelphia Mint produced 43,260,000 coins and the Denver Mint produced 55,160,000 coins. This was the first release of the series with an overall circulation mintage below the 100 million level.

One of the oddities of this release is the high premiums paid on some secondary market venues for US Mint packaged 25-coin numismatic rolls. The US Mint had offered previous Presidential Dollar rolls for extended periods of time, and consequently sold large numbers of them. For the William Henry Harrison Dollar Rolls, the US Mint unexpectedly sold out after customers ordered 30,000 rolls from each Mint facility. Secondary market prices quickly rose to $200 or more for each 25-coin roll, a price level that continues to be maintained. Although some subsequent Presidential Dollar numismatic rolls would have similarly low production runs, none have excessive premiums like the Harrison rolls.

William Henry Harrison Presidential Dollar Coin Specifications:
Diameter: 26.5 mm
Weight: 8.1g
Thickness: 2.0 mm
Edge: Lettered
Composition: 88.5% copper, 6% zinc, 3.5% manganese, 2% nickel
Mintage: 43,260,000 Philadelphia, 55,160,000 Denver

Anna Harrison 2009 10 Dollars First Spouse Gold Coins

Presidential $1 Coin — Lady Liberty Reverse Statue of Liberty, 1886

William Henry Harrison 2009 One Dollar Coin Cover

William Henry Harrison
William Henry Harrison (February 9, 1773 – April 4, 1841) was the ninth President of the United States (1841), an American military officer and politician, and the last President born as a British subject. He was also the first president to die in office. He was 68 years, 23 days old when inaugurated, the oldest president to take office until Ronald Reagan in 1981. Harrison died on his 32nd day in office of complications from pneumonia, serving the shortest tenure in United States presidential history. His death sparked a brief constitutional crisis, but its resolution left unsettled many questions following the presidential line of succession in regard to Constitution up until the passage of the 25th Amendment in 1967. He was the grandfather of Benjamin Harrison, who was the 23rd President from 1889 to 1893.
Before election as president, Harrison served as the first territorial congressional delegate from the Northwest Territory, governor of the Indiana Territory, and later as a U.S. representative and senator from Ohio. He originally gained national fame for leading U.S. forces against American Indians at the Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811, where he earned the nickname "Tippecanoe" (or "Old Tippecanoe"). As a general in the subsequent War of 1812, his most notable action was in the Battle of the Thames in 1813, which brought an end to hostilities in Upper Canada. This battle resulted in the death of Tecumseh and the dissolution of the Indian coalition which he led.
After the war, Harrison moved to Ohio, where he was elected to the United States House of Representatives. In 1824, the state legislature elected him to the U.S. Senate. He served a truncated term after being appointed as Minister Plenipotentiary to Colombia in May 1828. In Colombia, he spoke with Simón Bolívar, urging his nation to adopt American-style democracy.
Returning to his farm in Ohio, Harrison lived in relative retirement until he was nominated for the presidency in 1836. Defeated, he retired again to his farm. He was elected president in 1840, and died of pneumonia in April 1841, a month after taking office.

John Tyler US Presidential One Dollar Coin

John Tyler 2009 US Presidential One Dollar Coin

The John Tyler Dollar was the second release of the Presidential Dollar series for 2009 and the tenth release of the series overall. The coins were officially issued for circulation on May 21, 2009, with sales of the US Mint’s numismatic rolls beginning on the same day.

John Tyler was the Vice President under President William Henry Harrison. After only 30 days, Harrison died in office and Tyler assumed the Presidency. He set an important precedent by assuming all of the responsibilities and powers of the office. He served the remainder of the single term from 1841 to 1845.

An official launch ceremony for the John Tyler Presidential Dollar was held two days before the circulation release date. The ceremony was held at Sherwood Forest Plantation in Charles City County, Virginia, hosted by Andrew Brunhart, the United States Mint Deputy Director, and Harrison Tyler, the grandson of President John Tyler. Children in attendance were given a free Presidential Dollar to commemorate the day.

The obverse of the John Tyler Dollar features a portrait designed and sculpted by Phebe Hemphill. The obverse inscriptions include “John Tyler,” “In God We Trust,” “10th President,” and the years of his Presidential term “1841-1845.”

The reverse of the coin features the rendition of the Statue of Liberty designed and sculpted by Don Everhart. This design has been used for each year of the series since it began in 2007. The inscriptions include “United States of America” and the face value expressed as “$1″.

In 2009, the placement of the “In God We Trust” motto was moved to the obverse of the coin. This followed early public confusion about the government’s intentions when the motto was placed on the edge lettering of the coin. The other famous motto “E Pluribus Unum,” the date, and mint mark still appear on the edge lettering of the coin.

There were a total of 87,080,000 John Tyler Presidential Dollars produced by the United States Mint. This amount was divided equally between the Philadelphia and Denver facilities.

Starting with this year’s coins, the United States Mint reduced the number of numismatic products released for the series. Previously available Historical Signature Sets, individual proof coins, 250-coin bags, and the annual uncirculated dollar sets were no longer offered.

John Tyler Presidential Dollar Coin Specifications:
Diameter: 26.5 mm
Weight: 8.1g
Thickness: 2.0 mm
Edge: Lettered
Composition: 88.5% copper, 6% zinc, 3.5% manganese, 2% nickel
Mintage: 43,540,000 Philadelphia, 43,540,000 Denver

Letitia Tyler 2009 10 Dollars First Spouse Gold Coins

Julia Tyler 2009 10 Dollars First Spouse Gold Coins

Presidential $1 Coin — Lady Liberty Reverse Statue of Liberty, 1886

John Tyler 2009 One Dollar Coin Cover

John Tyler
John Tyler (March 29, 1790 – January 18, 1862) was the tenth President of the United States (1841–45). He was elected vice president on the 1840 Whig ticket with William Henry Harrison, and became president after his running mate's death in April 1841. Tyler was known as a supporter of states' rights, which endeared him to his fellow Virginians, yet his acts as president showed that he was willing to support nationalist policies as long as they did not infringe on the rights of the states. Still, the circumstances of his unexpected rise to the presidency and his possible threat to the ambitions of other potential presidential candidates left him estranged from both major parties in Washington. A firm believer in manifest destiny, President Tyler sought to strengthen and preserve the Union through territorial expansion, most notably the annexation of the independent Republic of Texas in his last days in office.
Tyler, born to an aristocratic Virginia family, came to national prominence at a time of political upheaval. In the 1820s the nation's only political party, the Democratic-Republicans, split into factions. Though initially a Democrat, his opposition to Andrew Jackson and Martin Van Buren led him to ally with the Whig Party. Tyler served as a Virginia state legislator, governor, U.S. representative, and U.S. senator before his election as vice president in the presidential election of 1840. He was put on the ticket to attract states' rights Southerners to what was then a Whig coalition to defeat Van Buren's re-election bid.
Harrison's death made Tyler the first vice president to succeed to the presidency without being elected to the office. Because of the short duration of Harrison's one-month term, Tyler served longer than any president in U.S. history who was never elected to the office. To forestall constitutional uncertainty, Tyler immediately took the oath of office, moved into the White House, and assumed full presidential powers, a precedent that would govern future successions and eventually become codified in the Twenty-fifth Amendment. A strict constructionist, Tyler found much of the Whig platform unconstitutional, and vetoed several of his party's bills. Believing that the president should set policy instead of deferring to Congress, he attempted to bypass the Whig establishment, most notably Kentucky Senator Henry Clay. Most of Tyler's Cabinet resigned soon into his term, and the Whigs, dubbing him His Accidency, expelled him from the party. Though Tyler was not the first president to veto bills, he was the first to see his veto overridden by Congress. Although he faced a stalemate on domestic policy, he had several foreign-policy achievements, including the Webster–Ashburton Treaty with Britain and the Treaty of Wanghia with Qing China.
President Tyler dedicated his last two years in office to the annexation of Texas. He initially sought election to a full term, but after losing the support of both Whigs and Democrats, he withdrew. In the last days of his term, Congress passed the resolution authorizing the Texas annexation, which was carried out by Tyler's successor, James K. Polk. When the American Civil War began in 1861, Tyler sided with the Confederate government, and won election to the Confederate House of Representatives shortly before his death. Although some have praised Tyler's political resolve, his presidency is generally held in low esteem by historians; today he is considered an obscure president, with little presence in the American cultural memory.

James Knox Polk, President of the United States

James Knox Polk 2009 US Presidential One Dollar Coin

The James K. Polk Dollar was released on August 20, 2009. It represented the eleventh release in the ongoing Presidential Dollar series, and the third release for the year 2009.

James K. Polk was the 11th President of the United States of America. As a strong proponent of “Manifest Destiny,” he oversaw the expansion of the country by more than 1 million square miles during his term. Present-day Oregon and Washington were annexed from Great Britain, and California and New Mexico were added through the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.

An official launch ceremony was held for the James K. Polk Presidential Dollar to coincide with the release of the coins into circulation. The ceremony was held on May 21, 2009 in Columbia, Tennessee at the former ancestral home of James K. Polk. Attendees included Andrew Brunhart of the United States Mint, John Seigenthaler, renowned author and journalist, and John Holtzapple, director of the James K. Polk House.

The obverse of the James K. Polk Dollar features a portrait of the former President that was designed by Susan Gamble and sculpted by Charles Vickers. The inscriptions include “James K. Polk,” “In God We Trust,” “11th President,” and the years of his Presidential term “1845-1849.”

The reverse of the coin features the Statue of Liberty, as designed and sculpted by Don Everhart. This design representative of the concept of Liberty has been used throughout the series.

As a change from prior years, the placement of the “In God We Trust” motto appears on the obverse of the coin. The other famous motto “E Pluribus Unum,” the date, and mint mark will continued to appear on the edge lettering of the coin.

The mintage for the James K. Polk Dollar showed a slight increase from the levels of the prior release of the series. There were a total of 88,340,000 coins produced for circulation at the Philadelphia and Denver Mints.

James K. Polk Presidential Dollar Coin Specifications:
Diameter: 26.5 mm
Weight: 8.1g
Thickness: 2.0 mm
Edge: Lettered
Composition: 88.5% copper, 6% zinc, 3.5% manganese, 2% nickel
Mintage: 46,620,000 (Philadelphia), 41,720,000 (Denver)

Sarah Polk 2009 10 Dollars First Spouse Gold Coins

Presidential $1 Coin — Lady Liberty Reverse Statue of Liberty, 1886

James K. Polk 2009 One Dollar Coin Cover

James Knox Polk, 11th President of the United States

James K. Polk
James Knox Polk (November 2, 1795 – June 15, 1849) was the 11th President of the United States (1845–1849). Polk was born in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina. He later lived in and represented Tennessee. A Democrat, Polk served as the 13th Speaker of the House of Representatives (1835–1839)—the only president to have served as House Speaker—and Governor of Tennessee (1839–1841). Polk was the surprise (dark horse) candidate for president in 1844, defeating Henry Clay of the rival Whig Party by promising to annex Texas. Polk was a leader of Jacksonian Democracy during the Second Party System. His nickname was "Young Hickory" because of his close association with "Old Hickory", Andrew Jackson.
Polk is often considered the last strong pre–Civil War president, having met during his four years in office every major domestic and foreign policy goal set during his campaign and the transition to his administration: When Mexico rejected American annexation of Texas, Polk led the nation to a sweeping victory in the Mexican–American War, seizing nearly the whole of what is now the American Southwest. He ensured a substantial reduction of tariff rates by replacing the "Black Tariff" with the Walker tariff of 1846, which pleased the less-industrialized states of his native South by rendering less expensive both imported and, through competition, domestic goods. He threatened war with the United Kingdom over the issue of which nation owned the Oregon Country, eventually reaching a settlement in which the British were made to sell the portion that became the Oregon Territory. Additionally, he built an independent treasury system that lasted until 1913, oversaw the opening of the U.S. Naval Academy, the Smithsonian Institution, the groundbreaking for the Washington Monument, and the issuance of the first United States postage stamp.
True to his campaign pledge to serve only one term as President, Polk left office and returned to Tennessee in March 1849. He died of cholera three months later.
Scholars have ranked him favorably on lists of greatest presidents for his ability to promote, obtain support for, and achieve all of the major items on his presidential agenda. Polk has been called the "least known consequential president" of the United States.

Zachary Taylor 2009 US Presidential One Dollar Coin

The Zachary Taylor Dollar honored the 12th President of the United States. The official circulation release date was November 19, 2009. This coin represented the final release of the year and the twelfth release overall for the Presidential Dollars series.

After a long army career during which he served in many remote outposts and led forces to victory in the Mexican-American War, Zachary Taylor. He only served 16 months in office before he became ill and died. He was the second President to die in office, the first being William Henry Harrison.

An official launch ceremony for the Zachary Taylor Presidential Dollar was held on November 24, 2009 in Orange, Virginia. This date coincided with the 22th anniversary of the former President’s birth. US Mint Deputy Director Andrew Brunhart and a descendant of Zachary Taylor took part in a ceremonial coin pour. The 392nd Army Band performed music written for Taylor during the 1840’s.

The Zachary Taylor Dollar obverse features a portrait of former President as designed and sculpted by Don Everhart. The obverse inscriptions include “Zachary Taylor,” “In God We Trust,” “12th President,” and the years of his Presidential term “1849-1850.”

The reverse of the coin features a rendition of the Statue of Liberty also designed and sculpted by Don Everhart. This design has been used throughout the Presidential Dollar series.

The overall mintage for the Zachary Taylor Presidential Dollar set another fresh low for the series. The circulation mintage of 78,260,000 was nearly 10 million coins lower than the mintage for the prior release.

By this point in time, the US Mint had struck more than 1.75 billion Presidential Dollars. Circulation of the coins within everyday commerce remained limited and many of the coins resided in Federal Reserve Bank vaults. Despite the stockpile, the Federal Reserve banks were legally required to continue ordering the coins, which prompted the US Mint to continue striking them in high numbers.

Zachary Taylor Presidential Dollar Coin Specifications:
Diameter: 26.5 mm
Weight: 8.1g
Thickness: 2.0 mm
Edge: Lettered
Composition: 88.5% copper, 6% zinc, 3.5% manganese, 2% nickel
Mintage: 41,580,000 (Philadelphia), 36,680,000 (Denver)

Margaret Taylor 2009 10 Dollars First Spouse Gold Coins

Presidential $1 Coin — Lady Liberty Reverse Statue of Liberty, 1886

Zachary Taylor 2009 One Dollar Coin Cover

Zachary Taylor 12th President of the United States

Zachary Taylor
Zachary Taylor (November 24, 1784 – July 9, 1850) was the 12th President of the United States, serving from March 1849 until his death in July 1850. Before his presidency, Taylor was a career officer in the United States Army, rising to the rank of major general.
Taylor's status as a national hero as a result of his victories in the Mexican-American War won him election to the White House despite his vague political beliefs. His top priority as president was preserving the Union, but he died seventeen months into his term, before making any progress on the status of slavery, which had been inflaming tensions in Congress.
Taylor was born into a prominent family of planters who migrated westward from Virginia to Kentucky in his youth. He was commissioned as an officer in the U.S. Army in 1808 and made a name for himself as a captain in the War of 1812. He climbed the ranks establishing military forts along the Mississippi River and entered the Black Hawk War as a colonel in 1832. His success in the Second Seminole War attracted national attention and earned him the nickname "Old Rough and Ready".
In 1845, as the annexation of Texas was underway, President James K. Polk dispatched Taylor to the Rio Grande area in anticipation of a potential battle with Mexico over the disputed Texas–Mexico border. The Mexican–American War broke out in May 1846, and Taylor led American troops to victory in a series of battles culminating in the Battle of Palo Alto and the Battle of Monterrey. He became a national hero, and political clubs sprang up to draw him into the upcoming 1848 presidential election.
The Whig Party convinced the reluctant Taylor to lead their ticket, despite his unclear platform and lack of interest in politics. He won the election alongside former U.S. Representative Millard Fillmore of New York, defeating Democratic candidates Lewis Cass and William Orlando Butler. As president, Taylor kept his distance from Congress and his cabinet, even as partisan tensions threatened to divide the Union. Debate over the slave status of the large territories claimed in the war led to threats of secession from Southerners.
Despite being a Southerner and a slaveholder himself, Taylor did not push for the expansion of slavery. To avoid the question, he urged settlers in New Mexico and California to bypass the territorial stage and draft constitutions for statehood, setting the stage for the Compromise of 1850. Taylor died suddenly of a stomach-related illness in July 1850, ensuring he would have little impact on the sectional divide that led to civil war a decade later.

Millard Fillmore 2010 US Presidential One Dollar Coin

The 2010 Millard Fillmore Dollar continued the series honoring the former Presidents of the United States in the order served. This was the first issue of the year and the thirteenth release for the series overall. The coins were officially released into circulation on February 18, 2010.

After briefly practicing law, Millard Fillmore entered politics and served as an assemblyman in the state of New York. He went on to be elected to the House of Representatives, where he would chair the Committee on Ways and Means. He served as Vice President under Zachary Taylor and assumed the Presidency following Taylor’s death in 1850. He would serve as President for the remainder of the term until 1853 and make two unsuccessful bids for reelection.

An official launch ceremony for the Millard Fillmore Presidential Dollar was held in Moravia, New York. The ceremony was co-hosted by the United State Mint and the Cayuga-Owasco Lakes Historical Society. A separate, unofficial ceremony was held in Buffalo, where Fillmore had retired and served as first chancellor of the University of Buffalo.

The obverse of the Millard Fillmore Dollar features a portrait designed and sculpted by Don Everhart. The obverse inscriptions read “Millard Fillmore”, “In God We Trust”, “13th President” and the years served “1850-1853″.

The reverse of the coin features the Statue of Liberty, also designed by Everthart, with inscriptions include “United States of America” and the denomination “$1″. The date, mint mark, and motto “E Pluribus Unum” appear on the edge of the coin.

The Millard Fillmore Dollar was struck for circulation at the Philadelphia and Denver Mints. The total mintage across both facilities was 74,480,000, which represented the lowest overall mintage for the series to date. A lower figure would eventually be seen for the James Buchanan coin issued later in the year.

Millard Fillmore Presidential Dollar Coin Specifications:
Diameter: 26.5 mm
Weight: 8.1g
Thickness: 2.0 mm
Edge: Lettered
Composition: 88.5% copper, 6% zinc, 3.5% manganese, 2% nickel
Mintage: 37,520,000 (Philadelphia), 36,960,000 (Denver)

Abigail Fillmore 2010 10 Dollars First Spouse Gold Coins

Presidential $1 Coin — Lady Liberty Reverse Statue of Liberty, 1886

Millard Fillmore 2010 One Dollar Coin Cover

Millard Fillmore, President of the United States 2010 One Dollar Coin Cover

Millard Fillmore 2010 Presidential One Dollar Coin & First Spouse Medal Set

President Millard Fillmore & First Spouse Abigail Fillmore

Millard Fillmore
Millard Fillmore (January 7, 1800 – March 8, 1874) was the 13th President of the United States (1850–1853), the last Whig president, and the last president not to be affiliated with either the Democratic or Republican parties. Fillmore was the only Whig president who did not die in office or get expelled from the party, and Fillmore appointed the only Whig Supreme Court Justice. As Zachary Taylor's vice president, he assumed the presidency after Taylor's death. Fillmore was a lawyer from western New York state, and an early member of the Whig Party. He served in the state legislature (1829–1831), as a U.S. Representative (1833–1835, 1837–1843), and as New York State Comptroller (1848–1849). He was elected vice president of the United States in 1848 as Taylor's running mate, and served from 1849 until Taylor's death in 1850, at the height of the "Crisis of 1850" over slavery.
As an anti-slavery moderate, he opposed abolitionist demands to exclude slavery from all the territory gained in the Mexican War. Instead he supported the Compromise of 1850, which briefly ended the crisis. In foreign policy, Fillmore supported U.S. Navy expeditions to open trade in Japan, opposed French designs on Hawaii, and was embarrassed by Narciso López's filibuster expeditions to Cuba. He sought election to a full term in 1852, but was passed over for the nomination by the Whigs.
When the Whig Party broke up in 1854–1856, Fillmore refused to join the Republican Party. Other conservative Whigs joined the American Party, the political arm of the anti-immigrant, anti-Catholic "Know-Nothing" movement, though Fillmore did not join the American Party. While out of the country, Fillmore was nominated by the American Party candidate for President in 1856, but finished third in the election, surpassed by the Republican Party candidate. During the American Civil War, Fillmore denounced secession and agreed that the Union must be maintained by force if necessary, but was very critical of the war policies of President Abraham Lincoln. After the war, he supported the Reconstruction policies of President Andrew Johnson. Although some have praised Fillmore's restrained foreign policy, he is criticized for having further aggravated tensions between abolitionists and slaveholders, he is placed near the bottom 10 of historical rankings of Presidents of the United States by various scholarly surveys.
Fillmore founded the University at Buffalo and was the university's first chancellor. He also helped found the Buffalo Historical Society and the Buffalo General Hospital.

Franklin Pierce 2010 US Presidential One Dollar Coin

The Franklin Pierce Dollar was the second coin issued during 2010 for the Presidential Dollar coin series. It represented the fourteenth release overall for the series, which began in 2007 to honor the former Presidents of the United States.

The official launch ceremony for the coin was held on May 20, 2010 to coincide with the circulation release date. The event was held at Pierce Manse, the former President’s home in Concord, New Hampshire, co-hosted by the Franklin Pierce College and the Pierce Brigade. On hand for the occasion was United States Mint Deputy Director Andrew Brunhart and local school children who received a free coin to commemorate the day.

Before becoming the president, Franklin Pierce had been elected to the New Hampshire legislature and served in the House of Representatives and Senate. During his single term in the highest office from 1853 to 1857 he negotiated the purchase of what would become Arizona and New Mexico and passed the Kansas-Nebraska Act, which replaced the Compromise of 1850 with the concept of “popular sovereignty”.

The obverse of the Franklin Pierce Presidential Dollar featured a portrait designed by Susan Gamble and engraved by Charles Vickers. The inscriptions read “Franklin Pierce”, “In God We Trust”, “14th President” and the years of his Presidential term “1853-1857″.

The reverse of the coin featured a rendition of the Statue of Liberty, designed and engraved by Don Everhart. This image has been used as the reverse design for each coin in the Presidential Dollar series so far. Inscriptions read “United States of America” and the denomination “$1″.

The Presidential Dollars continued to use incuse edge lettering for some required elements. The date, mint mark, and “E Pluribus Unum” appeared as such on the edge of the coin, along with thirteen stars.

Franklin Pierce Presidential Dollars were produced for circulation, as well as in special versions or numismatic products for collectors. The circulating version had a mintage of 38,220,000 Philadelphia Mint coins and 38,360,000 Denver Mint coins. Significantly fewer coins were struck at the same mints in satin finish version for inclusion inclusion in annual sets and some products. A proof version was struck at the San Francisco Mint for inclusion in the Proof Sets and Silver Proof Sets issued for the year.

Franklin Pierce Presidential Dollar Coin Specifications:
Diameter: 26.5 mm
Weight: 8.1g
Thickness: 2.0 mm
Edge: Lettered
Composition: 88.5% copper, 6% zinc, 3.5% manganese, 2% nickel
Mintage: 38,220,000 (Philadelphia), 38,360,000 (Denver)

Jane Pierce 2010 10 Dollars First Spouse Gold Coins

Presidential $1 Coin — Lady Liberty Reverse Statue of Liberty, 1886

Franklin Pierce, 14th President of the United States Dollar Coin Cover

Franklin Pierce 2010 One Dollar Coin Cover

President Franklin Pierce & First Spouse Jane Pierce

Franklin Pierce 2010 Presidential One Dollar Coin & First Spouse Medal Set

Franklin Pierce
Franklin Pierce (November 23, 1804 – October 8, 1869) was the 14th President of the United States (1853–57). Pierce was a northern Democrat who saw the abolitionist movement as a fundamental threat to the unity of the nation. His polarizing actions in championing and signing the Kansas–Nebraska Act and enforcing the Fugitive Slave Act failed to stem intersectional conflict, setting the stage for Southern secession.
Born in New Hampshire, Pierce served in the U.S. House of Representatives and the Senate until he resigned from the latter in 1842. His private law practice in his home state was a success; he was appointed U.S. Attorney for his state in 1845. Pierce took part in the Mexican–American War as a brigadier general in the Army. Seen by Democrats as a compromise candidate uniting northern and southern interests, he was nominated as the party's candidate for president on the 49th ballot at the 1852 Democratic National Convention. In the 1852 presidential election, Pierce and his running mate William R. King easily defeated the Whig Party ticket of Winfield Scott and William A. Graham.
While Pierce was popular and outgoing, his family life was a grim affair, with his wife Jane suffering from illness and depression for much of her life. All of their children died young, their last son being gruesomely killed in a train accident while the family was traveling shortly before Pierce's inauguration. As president, Pierce simultaneously attempted to enforce neutral standards for civil service while also satisfying the diverse elements of the Democratic Party with patronage, an effort which largely failed and turned many in his party against him. Pierce was a Young America expansionist who signed the Gadsden Purchase of land from Mexico and led a failed attempt to acquire Cuba from Spain. He signed trade treaties with Britain and Japan, while his Cabinet reformed their departments and improved accountability, but these successes were overshadowed by political strife.
His popularity in the Northern states declined sharply after he supported the Kansas–Nebraska Act, which nullified the Missouri Compromise, while many whites in the South continued to support him. Passage of the act led to violent conflict over the expansion of slavery in the American West. Pierce's administration was further damaged when several of his diplomats issued the Ostend Manifesto, calling for the annexation of Cuba, a document which was roundly criticized. Although Pierce fully expected to be renominated by the Democrats in the 1856 presidential election, he was abandoned by his party and his bid failed. His reputation in the North suffered further during the Civil War as he became a vocal critic of President Abraham Lincoln. Pierce, who had been a heavy drinker for much of his life, died of severe cirrhosis of the liver in 1869.
US historians and other political commentators generally rank Pierce's presidency among the worst.

James Buchanan 2010 US Presidential One Dollar Coin

The James Buchanan Dollar marked the fifteenth release overall for the Presidential Dollar coin series, and the third release during the year 2010. Although his presidency is not considered to be a success, his place in history is remembered with the issuance of this coin.

Prior to his presidency, Buchanan had a successful law career, served as a state legislator, and was elected to the House of Representatives and Senate. He was also the Secretary of State under President James K. Polk and the minister to Russia and Great Britain. Two days before his inauguration, the Supreme Court made the Dred Scott decision, which legalized slavery and propelled the nation to civil war.

The official circulation release date for the James Buchanan Presidential Dollar was August 19, 2010. On the same date, a launch ceremony was held on the grounds of Buchanan’s former home in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Attendees of the ceremony included US Mint Deputy Director Andrew Brunhart and Emeritus Professor of Educational Administration of Temple University Donald Walters, who gave a speech on Buchanan’s legacy.

The obverse of the coin included a portrait of the one term President, designed and sculpted by Phebe Hemphill. Inscriptions included “James Buchanan”, the motto “In God We Trust”, “15th Presidency” and the year’s of his Presidential term “1857-1861″.

The reverse of the coin will featured an image of the Statue of Liberty designed and sculpted by Don Everhart. This was intended to represent the concept of Liberty. The reverse inscriptions included “United States of America” and the denomination “$1″. Incuse edge lettering includes the date, mint mark, and the motto “E Pluribus Unum”, separated by thirteen stars.

Circulating coin production occurred at the Philadelphia and Denver mint facilities with a combined 73,360,000 pieces struck. This represented the lowest mintage for an issue of the series to date. Numismatic products available from the United States Mint incorporating the coin included annual sets, numismatic rolls, Presidential $1 coin and medal sets, and First Day Coin Covers.

James Buchanan Presidential Dollar Coin Specifications:
Diameter: 26.5 mm
Weight: 8.1g
Thickness: 2.0 mm
Edge: Lettered
Composition: 88.5% copper, 6% zinc, 3.5% manganese, 2% nickel
Mintage: 36,540,000 (Philadelphia), 36,820,000 (Denver)

James Buchanan’s Liberty 2010 10 Dollars First Spouse Gold Coins

Presidential $1 Coin — Lady Liberty Reverse Statue of Liberty, 1886

James Buchanan 2010 One Dollar Coin Cover

James Buchanan 15th President of the United States

James Buchanan 2010 Presidential One Dollar Coin & First Spouse Medal Set

James Buchanan
James Buchanan, Jr. (April 23, 1791 – June 1, 1868) was the 15th President of the United States (1857–1861), serving immediately prior to the American Civil War. He represented Pennsylvania in the United States House of Representatives and later the Senate, then served as Minister to Russia under President Andrew Jackson. He was named Secretary of State under President James K. Polk, and is to date the last former Secretary of State to serve as President of the United States. After Buchanan turned down an offer to sit on the Supreme Court, President Franklin Pierce appointed him Ambassador to the United Kingdom, in which capacity he helped draft the Ostend Manifesto.
Buchanan was nominated by the Democratic Party in the 1856 presidential election. Throughout most of Pierce's term, he had been stationed in London as minister to the Court of St. James's and so was not caught up in the crossfire of sectional politics that dominated the country. His subsequent election victory took place in a three-man race with John C. Frémont and Millard Fillmore. As President, he was often called a "doughface", a Northerner with Southern sympathies, who battled with Stephen A. Douglas for control of the Democratic Party. Buchanan's efforts to maintain peace between the North and the South alienated both sides, and the Southern states declared their secession in the prologue to the American Civil War. Buchanan's view of record was that secession was illegal, but that going to war to stop it was also illegal. Buchanan, an attorney, was noted for his mantra, "I acknowledge no master but the law."
By the time he left office popular opinion was against him, and the Democratic Party had split. Buchanan had once aspired to be a president who would rank in history with George Washington. However, his inability to identify a ground for peace or address the sharply divided pro-slavery and antislavery partisans with a unifying principle on the brink of the Civil War has led to his consistent ranking by historians as one of the worst presidents in American history. Historians in both 2006 and 2009 voted his failure to deal with secession the worst presidential mistake ever made.
He is, to date, the only president from Pennsylvania and the only president to remain a lifelong bachelor. He was the last president born in the 18th century.

Presidential $1 Coins

Presidential Dollar Coins feature larger, more dramatic artwork, as well as edge-incused inscriptions meant to revitalize the design of United States coins and return circulating coinage to its position as an object of aesthetic beauty.
The U.S. Mint launched the Presidential $1 Coin Program in 2007. The 10-year initiative includes one dollar coins featuring obverse designs honoring the Presidents in the order in which they served in office.
Read less Image of Presidential $1 Coins
The U.S. Mint produces and issues four Presidential Dollar coins per year, each with a common reverse design featuring a striking rendition of the Statue of Liberty. The program was authorized by the Presidential $1 Dollar Coin Act of 2005 (Public Law 109-145).

2007 Presidential Dollars

George Washington John Adams Thomas Jefferson James Madison

2008 Presidential Dollars

James Monroe John Quincy Adams Andrew Jackson Martin Van Buren

2009 Presidential Dollars

William Henry Harrison John Tyler James Knox Polk Zachary Taylor

2010 Presidential Dollars

Millard Fillmore Franklin Pierce James Buchanan Abraham Lincoln

2011 Presidential Dollars

Andrew Johnson Ulysses S. Grant Rutherford B. Hayes James Garfield

2012 Presidential Dollars

Chester Arthur Grover Cleveland, First Term Benjamin Harrison

Grover Cleveland, Second Term

2013 Presidential Dollars

William McKinley Theodore Roosevelt William Howard Taft Woodrow Wilson

2014 Presidential Dollars

Warren G. Harding Calvin Coolidge Herbert Hoover Franklin Delano Roosevelt

2015 Presidential Dollars

Harry S. Truman Dwight D. Eisenhower John F. Kennedy Lyndon B. Johnson

2016 Presidential Dollars

Richard Nixon

Abraham Lincoln 2010 US Presidential One Dollar Coin

Featuring one of the most famous former Presidents of the United States, the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Dollar generated significant interest from both coin collectors and the general public. This was the sixteenth release for the series overall and the final release for the year 2010.

Born into a poor frontier family, Abraham Lincoln would become a self taught lawyer and serve in the Illinois legislature and the House of Representatives. While campaigning for the Senate, his debates on slavery with Stephen A. Douglas brought him to national attention and helped secure the Republican presidential nomination. After being elected, his first term would be dominated by the American Civil War and efforts to abolish slavery. Lincoln would be assassinated just weeks into his second term, as the war was drawing to an end.

In the year before the release of the the Lincoln Presidential Dollar, the bicentennial of his birth had been celebrated with four different reverse designs for the 2009 Lincoln Cent and with the issuance of the 2009 Lincoln Commemorative Silver Dollar. In 2010, the cent would feature a new reverse design to represent his preservation of the union.

On November 18, 2010, the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Dollar was released into circulation, capping two years of increased presence within U.S. coinage. The release was marked by an official launch ceremony held at President Lincoln’s Cottage on the grounds of the Armed Forces Retirement Home in Washington, DC. The event was attended by US Mint Director Edmund Moy, the Director of Lincoln’s Cottage Erin Carlson Mast, and many enthusiastic members of the public.

The obverse of the coin featured a portrait of Lincoln designed and sculpted by Don Everhart. The inscriptions on the obverse included his name, the order of the Presidency “16th”, years of the term “1861-1865″, and the motto “In God We Trust”.

The reverse of the coin was also designed and sculpted by Everhart. It portrayed the Statue of Liberty with inscriptions “United States of America” and the denomination “$1″. The incuse edge lettering of the coin included the date, mint mark, and the motto “E Pluribus Unum”.

Production for circulation took place at the Philadelphia and Denver Mints, with a combined 97,020,000 coins struck. This represented the highest production for an issue of the series in more than a year, due to the anticipated higher public demand. Collector versions of the coin were struck at the Philadelphia and Denver Mints in satin finish and at the San Francisco Mint in proof. Numismatic products issued included 25-coin rolls, First Day Coin Covers, and the Presidential Dollar & First Spouse Medal Set, as well as numerous variations of annual and series sets.

Abraham Lincoln Presidential Dollar Coin Specifications:
Diameter: 26.5 mm
Weight: 8.1g
Thickness: 2.0 mm
Edge: Lettered
Composition: 88.5% copper, 6% zinc, 3.5% manganese, 2% nickel
Mintage: 48,020,000 (Philadelphia), 49,000,000 (Denver)

Mary Todd Lincoln 2010 10 Dollars First Spouse Gold Coins

Presidential $1 Coin — Lady Liberty Reverse Statue of Liberty, 1886

Presidential $1 Coins

2007 Presidential Dollars

George Washington John Adams Thomas Jefferson James Madison

2008 Presidential Dollars

James Monroe John Quincy Adams Andrew Jackson Martin Van Buren

2009 Presidential Dollars

William Henry Harrison John Tyler James Knox Polk Zachary Taylor

2010 Presidential Dollars

Millard Fillmore Franklin Pierce James Buchanan Abraham Lincoln

2011 Presidential Dollars

Andrew Johnson Ulysses S. Grant Rutherford B. Hayes James Garfield

2012 Presidential Dollars

Chester Arthur Grover Cleveland, First Term Benjamin Harrison

Grover Cleveland, Second Term

2013 Presidential Dollars

William McKinley Theodore Roosevelt William Howard Taft Woodrow Wilson

2014 Presidential Dollars

Warren G. Harding Calvin Coolidge Herbert Hoover Franklin Delano Roosevelt

2015 Presidential Dollars

Harry S. Truman Dwight D. Eisenhower John F. Kennedy Lyndon B. Johnson

2016 Presidential Dollars

Richard Nixon

Abraham Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was the 16th President of the United States, serving from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. Lincoln led the United States through its Civil War—its bloodiest war and its greatest moral, constitutional, and political crisis. In doing so, he preserved the Union, abolished slavery, strengthened the federal government, and modernized the economy.
Born in Hodgenville, Kentucky, Lincoln grew up on the western frontier in Kentucky and Indiana. Largely self-educated, he became a lawyer in Illinois, a Whig Party leader, and a member of the Illinois House of Representatives, in which he served for twelve years. Elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1846, Lincoln promoted rapid modernization of the economy through banks, tariffs, and railroads. Because he had originally agreed not to run for a second term in Congress, and because his opposition to the Mexican–American War was unpopular among Illinois voters, Lincoln returned to Springfield and resumed his successful law practice. Reentering politics in 1854, he became a leader in building the new Republican Party, which had a statewide majority in Illinois. In 1858, while taking part in a series of highly publicized debates with his opponent and rival, Democrat Stephen A. Douglas, Lincoln spoke out against the expansion of slavery, but lost the U.S. Senate race to Douglas.
In 1860, Lincoln secured the Republican Party presidential nomination as a moderate from a swing state. With very little support in the slaveholding states of the South, he swept the North and was elected president in 1860. His victory prompted seven southern slave states to form the Confederate States of America before he moved into the White House - no compromise or reconciliation was found regarding slavery and secession. Subsequently, on April 12, 1861, a Confederate attack on Fort Sumter inspired the North to enthusiastically rally behind the Union in a declaration of war. As the leader of the moderate faction of the Republican Party, Lincoln confronted Radical Republicans, who demanded harsher treatment of the South, War Democrats, who called for more compromise, anti-war Democrats (called Copperheads), who despised him, and irreconcilable secessionists, who plotted his assassination. Politically, Lincoln fought back by pitting his opponents against each other, by carefully planned political patronage, and by appealing to the American people with his powers of oratory. His Gettysburg Address became an iconic endorsement of the principles of nationalism, republicanism, equal rights, liberty, and democracy.
Lincoln initially concentrated on the military and political dimensions of the war. His primary goal was to reunite the nation. He suspended habeas corpus, leading to the controversial ex parte Merryman decision, and he averted potential British intervention in the war by defusing the Trent Affair in late 1861. Lincoln closely supervised the war effort, especially the selection of top generals, including his most successful general, Ulysses S. Grant. He also made major decisions on Union war strategy, including a naval blockade that shut down the South's normal trade, moves to take control of Kentucky and Tennessee, and using gunboats to gain control of the southern river system. Lincoln tried repeatedly to capture the Confederate capital at Richmond; each time a general failed, Lincoln substituted another, until finally Grant succeeded. As the war progressed, his complex moves toward ending slavery included the Emancipation Proclamation of 1863; Lincoln used the U.S. Army to protect escaped slaves, encouraged the border states to outlaw slavery, and pushed through Congress the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which permanently outlawed slavery.
An exceptionally astute politician deeply involved with power issues in each state, Lincoln reached out to the War Democrats and managed his own re-election campaign in the 1864 presidential election. Anticipating the war's conclusion, Lincoln pushed a moderate view of Reconstruction, seeking to reunite the nation speedily through a policy of generous reconciliation in the face of lingering and bitter divisiveness. On April 14, 1865, five days after the April 9th surrender of Confederate commanding general Robert E. Lee, Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth, a Confederate sympathizer.
Lincoln has been consistently ranked both by scholars and the public as one of the three greatest U.S. presidents.

Andrew Johnson 2011 US Presidential One Dollar Coin

The circulating coin series honoring the former Presidents of the United States entered its fifth year with the Andrew Johnson Presidential Dollar. He became the 17th President following the assassination of Abraham Lincoln.

Earlier in his life, Andrew Johnson had operated a tailor shop in Tennessee with his wife Eliza McCardle Johnson. He began to participate in debates and eventually entered politics, championing the common man and advocating a homestead bill. He would serve as a member of the House of Representatives and Senate. Later, he would be nominated for vice president, and assume the presidency following Lincoln’s death.

The obverse design of the Andrew Johnson Dollar featured a portrait designed and sculpted by Don Everhart. The required inscriptions surround the portrait indicating “Andrew Johnson”, “In God We Trust”, “17th President”, and “1865-1869″. On the reverse was a depiction of the Statue of Liberty. Also designed and sculpted by Everhart, it is intended to represent the concept of Liberty. Inscriptions read “United States of America” and “$1″. The edge of the coin contains the date, mint mark, and “E Pluribus Unum”.

The Andrew Johnson Presidential Dollars were officially released into circulation on February 17, 2011. A launch ceremony was held on the same day in Greeneville, Tennessee at the Andrew Johnson National Historic Site. There ceremony was attended by United States Mint Chief Counsel Daniel P. Shaver and National Park Service representatives. Children in attendance received a free coin to commemorate the day. The following week on February 23, 2011, the United States Mint began sales of numismatic rolls containing the coins. Other numismatic offerings released at various times throughout the year also included the new $1 coins.

The circulation mintage for this release was 72,660,000 across both the Philadelphia and Denver Mint facilities. This set another fresh mintage low for the series, continuing the general trend of declining production that had characterized entire series.

Andrew Johnson Presidential Dollar Coin Specifications:
Diameter: 26.5 mm
Weight: 8.1g
Thickness: 2.0 mm
Edge: Lettered
Composition: 88.5% copper, 6% zinc, 3.5% manganese, 2% nickel
Mintage: 35,560,000 (Philadelphia), 37,100,000 (Denver)

Eliza Johnson 2011 10 Dollars First Spouse Gold Coins

Presidential $1 Coin — Lady Liberty Reverse Statue of Liberty, 1886

Andrew Johnson 2011 One Dollar Coin Cover

President Andrew Johnson & First Spouse Eliza Johnson

Andrew Johnson 2011 Presidential One Dollar Coin & First Spouse Medal Set

Presidential $1 Coins

2007 Presidential Dollars

George Washington John Adams Thomas Jefferson James Madison

2008 Presidential Dollars

James Monroe John Quincy Adams Andrew Jackson Martin Van Buren

2009 Presidential Dollars

William Henry Harrison John Tyler James Knox Polk Zachary Taylor

2010 Presidential Dollars

Millard Fillmore Franklin Pierce James Buchanan Abraham Lincoln

2011 Presidential Dollars

Andrew Johnson Ulysses S. Grant Rutherford B. Hayes James Garfield

2012 Presidential Dollars

Chester Arthur Grover Cleveland, First Term Benjamin Harrison

Grover Cleveland, Second Term

2013 Presidential Dollars

William McKinley Theodore Roosevelt William Howard Taft Woodrow Wilson

2014 Presidential Dollars

Warren G. Harding Calvin Coolidge Herbert Hoover Franklin Delano Roosevelt

2015 Presidential Dollars

Harry S. Truman Dwight D. Eisenhower John F. Kennedy Lyndon B. Johnson

2016 Presidential Dollars

Richard Nixon

Andrew Johnson
Andrew Johnson (December 29, 1808 – July 31, 1875) was the 17th President of the United States, serving from 1865 to 1869. Johnson became president as he was vice president at the time of President Abraham Lincoln's assassination. A Democrat who ran with Lincoln on the National Union ticket, Johnson came to office as the Civil War concluded. The new president favored quick restoration of the seceded states to the Union. His plans did not give protection to the former slaves, and he came into conflict with the Republican-dominated Congress, culminating in his impeachment by the House of Representatives. The first American president to be impeached, he was acquitted in the Senate by one vote.
Johnson was born in poverty in Raleigh, North Carolina. Apprenticed as a tailor, he worked in several frontier towns before settling in Greeneville, Tennessee. He served as alderman and mayor there before being elected to the Tennessee House of Representatives in 1835. After brief service in the Tennessee Senate, Johnson was elected to the federal House of Representatives in 1843, where he served five two-year terms. He became Governor of Tennessee for four years, and was elected by the legislature to the Senate in 1857. In his congressional service, he sought passage of the Homestead Bill, which was enacted soon after he left his Senate seat in 1862.
As Southern slave states, including Tennessee, seceded to form the Confederate States of America, Johnson remained firmly with the Union. He was the only sitting senator from a Confederate state who did not resign his seat upon learning of his state's secession. In 1862, Lincoln appointed him as military governor of Tennessee after it had been retaken. In 1864, Johnson, as a War Democrat and Southern Unionist, was a logical choice as running mate for Lincoln, who wished to send a message of national unity in his re-election campaign; their ticket easily won. When Johnson was sworn in as vice president in March 1865, he gave a rambling speech. He later secluded himself to avoid public ridicule. Six weeks later, the assassination of Lincoln made him president.
Johnson implemented his own form of Presidential Reconstruction – a series of proclamations directing the seceded states to hold conventions and elections to re-form their civil governments. When Southern states returned many of their old leaders, and passed Black Codes to deprive the freedmen of many civil liberties, Congressional Republicans refused to seat legislators from those states and advanced legislation to overrule the Southern actions. Johnson vetoed their bills, and Congressional Republicans overrode him, setting a pattern for the remainder of his presidency. Johnson opposed the Fourteenth Amendment, which gave citizenship to former slaves. In 1866, Johnson went on an unprecedented national tour promoting his executive policies, seeking to destroy his Republican opponents. As the conflict between the branches of government grew, Congress passed the Tenure of Office Act, restricting Johnson's ability to fire Cabinet officials. When he persisted in trying to dismiss Secretary of War Edwin Stanton, he was impeached by the House of Representatives, and narrowly avoided conviction in the Senate and removal from office. Returning to Tennessee after his presidency, Johnson sought political vindication, and gained it in his eyes when he was elected to the Senate again in 1875 (the only former president to serve there), just months before his death. Many historians rank Johnson among the worst American presidents for his strong opposition to federally guaranteed rights for African Americans, while some historians admire Johnson for his strict Constitutionism.

Ulysses S. Grant 2011 US Presidential One Dollar Coin

The 2011 Ulysses S. Grant Presidential Dollar represented the second issue of the year for the circulating dollar coin series, and the eighteenth issue overall. The official circulation release date was May 19, 2011.

Prior to becoming President, Ulysses S. Grant had fought in the Mexican-American War under General Zachary Taylor. At the start of the American Civil war, he was appointed to command a volunteer regiment. He would eventually rise to the rank of General of the Army. He became the President of the United States in 1869 and would serve two terms. The memoirs written after his retirement as considered one of the greatest military autobiographies ever written.

The obverse of the Ulysses S. Grant Dollar featured his portrait surrounded by the required inscriptions. Around the outer edge of the coin appeared his name, “In God We Trust”, “18th President”, and the years served “1869-1877″. The reverse of the coin included an image of the Statue of Liberty with inscriptions “United States of America” and “$1″. United States Mint Sculptor-Engraver Don Everhart designed and sculpted both the obverse and reverse.

The edge of the coin included incused edge lettering with the motto “E Pluribus Uum”, the year of minting or issuance, and the mint mark.

A launch ceremony for the coin was hosted by the United States Mint and National Park Service at the Ulysses S. Grant National Historic Site in St. Louis, Missouri. The event was held on May 19, 2011 to coincide with the 148th anniversary of the Vicksburg Civil War campaign. In attendance were the US Mint Acting Deputy Director Al Runnels and Executive Director of the Ulysses S. Grant Association John Marszalek. Following the ceremony, free coins were given to children and others were allowed to exchange currency for 25-coin rolls.

The mintage figures for the Ulysses S. Grant Dollar reflected an increase from the previous issue, with a total of 76,002,000 coins struck at the Philadelphia and Denver Mints. As one of the more well known Presidents, the higher production level may have been the result of greater anticipated demand for the specific design. Besides availability through the channels of circulation, the coins will also be included in certain numismatic products offered by the US Mint. This included annual coin sets, numismatic rolls, and 2011 Presidential Dollar proof and uncirculated sets.

Ulysses S. Grant Presidential Dollar Coin Specifications:
Diameter: 26.5 mm
Weight: 8.1g
Thickness: 2.0 mm
Edge: Lettered
Composition: 88.5% copper, 6% zinc, 3.5% manganese, 2% nickel
Mintage: 38,080,000 (Philadelphia), 37,940,000 (Denver)

Julia Grant 2011 10 Dollars First Spouse Gold Coins

Presidential $1 Coin — Lady Liberty Reverse Statue of Liberty, 1886

Ulysses S. Grant 2011 One Dollar Coin Cover

President Ulysses S. Grant & First Spouse Julia Grant

Ulysses S. Grant 2011 Presidential One Dollar Coin & First Spouse Medal Set

Presidential $1 Coins

2007 Presidential Dollars

George Washington John Adams Thomas Jefferson James Madison

2008 Presidential Dollars

James Monroe John Quincy Adams Andrew Jackson Martin Van Buren

2009 Presidential Dollars

William Henry Harrison John Tyler James Knox Polk Zachary Taylor

2010 Presidential Dollars

Millard Fillmore Franklin Pierce James Buchanan Abraham Lincoln

2011 Presidential Dollars

Andrew Johnson Ulysses S. Grant Rutherford B. Hayes James Garfield

2012 Presidential Dollars

Chester Arthur Grover Cleveland, First Term Benjamin Harrison

Grover Cleveland, Second Term

2013 Presidential Dollars

William McKinley Theodore Roosevelt William Howard Taft Woodrow Wilson

2014 Presidential Dollars

Warren G. Harding Calvin Coolidge Herbert Hoover Franklin Delano Roosevelt

2015 Presidential Dollars

Harry S. Truman Dwight D. Eisenhower John F. Kennedy Lyndon B. Johnson

2016 Presidential Dollars

Richard Nixon

Ulysses S. Grant
Ulysses S. Grant (born Hiram Ulysses Grant; April 27, 1822 – July 23, 1885) was the 18th President of the United States (1869–77). As Commanding General of the United States Army (1864–69), Grant worked closely with President Abraham Lincoln to lead the Union Army to victory over the Confederacy in the American Civil War. He implemented Congressional Reconstruction, often at odds with Lincoln's successor, Andrew Johnson. Twice elected president, Grant led the Republicans in their effort to remove the vestiges of Confederate nationalism and slavery, protect African-American citizenship, and support economic prosperity nationwide. His presidency has often come under criticism for protecting corrupt associates and in his second term leading the nation into a severe economic depression.
Grant graduated in 1843 from the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, served in the Mexican–American War and initially retired in 1854. He struggled financially in civilian life. When the Civil War began in 1861, he rejoined the U.S. Army. In 1862, Grant took control of Kentucky and most of Tennessee, and led Union forces to victory in the Battle of Shiloh, earning a reputation as an aggressive commander. He incorporated displaced African American slaves into the Union war effort. In July 1863, after a series of coordinated battles, Grant defeated Confederate armies and seized Vicksburg, giving the Union control of the Mississippi River and dividing the Confederacy in two. After his victories in the Chattanooga Campaign, Lincoln promoted him to lieutenant-general and Commanding General of the United States Army in March 1864. Grant confronted Robert E. Lee in a series of bloody battles, trapping Lee's army in their defense of Richmond. Grant coordinated a series of devastating campaigns in other theaters. In April 1865, Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox, effectively ending the war. Historians have hailed Grant's military genius, and his strategies are featured in military history textbooks, but a minority contend that he won by brute force rather than superior strategy.
After the Civil War, Grant led the army's supervision of Reconstruction in the former Confederate states. Elected president in 1868 and reelected in 1872, Grant stabilized the nation during the turbulent Reconstruction period, prosecuted the Ku Klux Klan, and enforced civil and voting rights laws using the army and the Department of Justice. He used the army to build the Republican Party in the South, based on black voters, Northern newcomers ("carpetbaggers"), and native Southern white supporters ("scalawags"). After the disenfranchisement of some former Confederates, Republicans gained majorities and African Americans were elected to Congress and high state offices. In his second term, the Republican coalitions in the South splintered and were defeated one by one as redeemers (conservative whites) regained control using coercion and violence. Grant's Indian peace policy initially reduced frontier violence, but is best known for the Great Sioux War of 1876, where George Custer and his regiment were killed at the Battle of the Little Bighorn. Throughout his presidency Grant was faced with charges of corruption in executive agencies, including congressional investigations of two cabinet secretaries.
In foreign policy, Grant sought to increase American trade and influence, while remaining at peace with the world. His administration successfully resolved the Alabama Claims by the Treaty of Washington with Great Britain, ending wartime tensions. Grant avoided war with Spain over the Virginius Affair, but Congress rejected his attempted annexation of the Dominican Republic. In trade policy, Grant's administration implemented a gold standard and sought to strengthen the dollar. Corruption charges escalated during his second term, while his response to the Panic of 1873 proved ineffective nationally in halting the five-year industrial depression that produced high unemployment, low prices, low profits, and bankruptcies. Grant left office in 1877 and embarked on a widely praised world tour lasting over two years.
In 1880, Grant was unsuccessful in obtaining a Republican presidential nomination for a third term. Facing severe investment reversals and dying of throat cancer, he completed his memoirs, which proved a major critical and financial success. His death in 1885 prompted an outpouring of national unity. 20th century historical evaluations were negative about his presidency before recovering somewhat beginning in the 1980s. Scholars rank his presidency below the average of other presidents. Grant's critics take a negative view of his economic mismanagement and his failed Dominican Republic annexation treaty, while admirers emphasize his concern for Native Americans and enforcement of civil and voting rights.

Rutherford B. Hayes 2011 US Presidential One Dollar Coin

The Rutherford B. Hayes Presidential Dollar represented the third release of the year and the nineteenth release overall for the series honoring the former Presidents of the United States of America in the order served.

Prior to becoming President, Rutherford Hayes had fought in the American Civil War, where he was wounded five times and acquired a reputation for bravery in combat. He would be elected to the House of Representatives by a wide majority and also serve as the governor of Ohio for three terms. He would be elected 19th President of the United States by the Electoral College, even though he lost the popular vote. He announced in advance that he only intended to serve a single term.

The obverse of the Rutherford B. Hayes Dollar featured his portrait as designed and sculpted by Don Everhart. Surrounding the portrait were inscriptions indicating his name, the motto “In God We Trust”, “19th President”, and the years of the term “1877-1881″.

On the reverse of the coin carried a depiction of the Statue of Liberty, also designed by Everhart. Inscriptions included “United States of America” and “$1″. The edge of the coin include the motto “E Pluribus Unum”, the date, and the mint mark in incused edge lettering.

The circulation release date for the coins was August 18, 2011, with the official launch ceremony held the same day at the Rutherford B. Hayes Presidential Center in Fremont, Ohio. Attendees included Thomas J. Culberson, the executive director of the Center, and Marc Landry, Acting Associate Director of Manufacturing at the United States Mint. Members of the public who attended the ceremony were given the opportunity to exchange currency for rolls of the new dollar coins.

Production for circulation consisted of 37,660,000 coins struck at the Philadelphia Mint and 36,820,000 coins struck at the Denver Mint.

Besides the circulation release, the Rutherford B. Hayes Dollars were also available in certain numismatic products such as the 2011 Mint Set, 2011 Proof Set, 2011 Silver Proof Set, and the two 2011 Presidential Dollar annual coin sets.

Rutherford B. Hayes Presidential Dollar Coin Specifications:
Diameter: 26.5 mm
Weight: 8.1g
Thickness: 2.0 mm
Edge: Lettered
Composition: 88.5% copper, 6% zinc, 3.5% manganese, 2% nickel
Mintage: 37,660,000 (Philadelphia), 36,820,000 (Denver)

Lucy Hayes 2011 10 Dollars First Spouse Gold Coins

Presidential $1 Coin — Lady Liberty Reverse Statue of Liberty, 1886

Rutherford B. Hayes 2011 One Dollar Coin Cover

President Rutherford B. Hayes & First Spouse Lucy Hayes

Rutherford B. Hayes 2011 Presidential One Dollar Coin & First Spouse Medal Set

Presidential $1 Coins

2007 Presidential Dollars

George Washington John Adams Thomas Jefferson James Madison

2008 Presidential Dollars

James Monroe John Quincy Adams Andrew Jackson Martin Van Buren

2009 Presidential Dollars

William Henry Harrison John Tyler James Knox Polk Zachary Taylor

2010 Presidential Dollars

Millard Fillmore Franklin Pierce James Buchanan Abraham Lincoln

2011 Presidential Dollars

Andrew Johnson Ulysses S. Grant Rutherford B. Hayes James Garfield

2012 Presidential Dollars

Chester Arthur Grover Cleveland, First Term Benjamin Harrison

Grover Cleveland, Second Term

2013 Presidential Dollars

William McKinley Theodore Roosevelt William Howard Taft Woodrow Wilson

2014 Presidential Dollars

Warren G. Harding Calvin Coolidge Herbert Hoover Franklin Delano Roosevelt

2015 Presidential Dollars

Harry S. Truman Dwight D. Eisenhower John F. Kennedy Lyndon B. Johnson

2016 Presidential Dollars

Richard Nixon

Rutherford B. Hayes
Rutherford Birchard Hayes (October 4, 1822 – January 17, 1893) was the 19th President of the United States (1877–81). As president, he oversaw the end of Reconstruction, began the efforts that led to civil service reform, and attempted to reconcile the divisions left over from the Civil War and Reconstruction.
Hayes, an attorney in Ohio, became city solicitor of Cincinnati from 1858 to 1861. When the Civil War began, he left a fledgling political career to join the Union Army as an officer. Hayes was wounded five times, most seriously at the Battle of South Mountain; he earned a reputation for bravery in combat and was promoted to the rank of major general. After the war, he served in the U.S. Congress from 1865 to 1867 as a Republican. Hayes left Congress to run for Governor of Ohio and was elected to two consecutive terms, from 1868 to 1872, and then to a third term, from 1876 to 1877.
In 1876, Hayes was elected president in one of the most contentious and confused elections in national history. He lost the popular vote to Democrat Samuel J. Tilden but he won an intensely disputed electoral college vote after a Congressional commission awarded him twenty contested electoral votes. The result was the Compromise of 1877, in which the Democrats acquiesced to Hayes's election and Hayes ended all U.S. military involvement in Southern politics.
Hayes believed in meritocratic government, equal treatment without regard to race, and improvement through education. He ordered federal troops to crush the Great Railroad Strike of 1877. He implemented modest civil service reforms that laid the groundwork for further reform in the 1880s and 1890s. He vetoed the Bland–Allison Act, which would have put silver money into circulation and raised prices, insisting that maintenance of the gold standard was essential to economic recovery. His policy toward Western Indians anticipated the assimilationist program of the Dawes Act of 1887.
Hayes kept his pledge not to run for re-election, retired to his home in Ohio, and became an advocate of social and educational reform. Biographer Ari Hoogenboom says his greatest achievement was to restore popular faith in the presidency and to reverse the deterioration of executive power that had set in after Abraham Lincoln's death. Although supporters have praised his commitment to civil service reform and defense of civil rights, Hayes is generally listed among the bottom half in historians' rankings of U.S. presidents.

James Garfield 2011 US Presidential One Dollar Coin

The James Garfield Presidential Dollar was released into circulation on November 17, 2011. This marked the 20th release of the series honoring the former Presidents, and wrapped up the fifth year of the series.

Prior to being elected president, James A. Garfield was elected to the Ohio state senate and elected to the U.S. Congress, where he would serve for 18 years. He would only serve as the President of the United States for a brief 200 days, the second shortest tenure after William Henry Harrison. Just four months into his term, he was shot while entering a railroad station in Washington, D.C. One of the bullets would remain lodged near his spine and cause him to become increasingly ill until he eventually died 80 days later.

The obverse of the James Garfield Dollar featured the former President’s portrait with inscriptions indicating his name, the motto “In God We Trust”, the order of the Presidency, and the year during which he served. The reverse carried the design common to all issues of the series depicting the Statue of Liberty with inscriptions “United States of America” and “$1″. The edge of the coin included the date, mint mark, and motto “E Pluribus Unum”.

The designer and sculptor of the obverse was Phebe Hemphill, while the reverse was designed and sculpted by Don Everhart.

An official launch ceremony for the James Garfield Presidential Dollar was held on the circulation launch date at the James A. Garfield National Historic Site, located at the 20th President’s family home. The ceremony was attended by United States Mint Acting Associate for Manufacturing Marc Landry, Rudolph Garfield, a great-grandson of President Garfield, and Dr. Allan Peskin, professor emeritus of history at the Cleveland State University and author of “Garfield,” the definitive biography of James Garfield. Although it was not known at the time, this would be the last official launch ceremony held for the program.

The total mintage for circulation reached 74,200,000 pieces across the Philadelphia and Denver Mint facilities. Notably, this would be the final issue of the series produced for release into general circulation. The subsequent issues of the series would only be issued within numismatic products offered by the United States Mint at a premium to face value.

James Garfield Presidential Dollar Coin Specifications:
Diameter: 26.5 mm
Weight: 8.1g
Thickness: 2.0 mm
Edge: Lettered
Composition: 88.5% copper, 6% zinc, 3.5% manganese, 2% nickel
Mintage: 37,100,000 (Philadelphia), 37,100,000 (Denver)

Lucretia Garfield 2011 10 Dollars First Spouse Gold Coins

Presidential $1 Coin — Lady Liberty Reverse Statue of Liberty, 1886

President James Garfield & First Spouse Lucretia Garfield

James Garfield 2011 Presidential One Dollar Coin & First Spouse Medal Set

Presidential $1 Coins

2007 Presidential Dollars

George Washington John Adams Thomas Jefferson James Madison

2008 Presidential Dollars

James Monroe John Quincy Adams Andrew Jackson Martin Van Buren

2009 Presidential Dollars

William Henry Harrison John Tyler James Knox Polk Zachary Taylor

2010 Presidential Dollars

Millard Fillmore Franklin Pierce James Buchanan Abraham Lincoln

2011 Presidential Dollars

Andrew Johnson Ulysses S. Grant Rutherford B. Hayes James Garfield

2012 Presidential Dollars

Chester Arthur Grover Cleveland, First Term Benjamin Harrison

Grover Cleveland, Second Term

2013 Presidential Dollars

William McKinley Theodore Roosevelt William Howard Taft Woodrow Wilson

2014 Presidential Dollars

Warren G. Harding Calvin Coolidge Herbert Hoover Franklin Delano Roosevelt

2015 Presidential Dollars

Harry S. Truman Dwight D. Eisenhower John F. Kennedy Lyndon B. Johnson

2016 Presidential Dollars

Richard Nixon

James A. Garfield
James Abram Garfield (November 19, 1831 – September 19, 1881) was the 20th President of the United States, serving from March 4, 1881, until his assassination later that year. Garfield had served nine terms in the House of Representatives, and had been elected to the Senate before his candidacy for the White House, though he declined the senatorship once he was president-elect. He is the only sitting House member to be elected president.
Garfield was raised in humble circumstances on an Ohio farm by his widowed mother. He worked at various jobs, including on a canal boat, in his youth. Beginning at age 17, he attended several Ohio schools, then studied at Williams College in Williamstown, Massachusetts, from which he graduated in 1856. A year later, Garfield entered politics as a Republican. He married Lucretia Rudolph in 1858, and served as a member of the Ohio State Senate (1859–1861). Garfield opposed Confederate secession, served as a major general in the Union Army during the American Civil War, and fought in the battles of Middle Creek, Shiloh, and Chickamauga. He was first elected to Congress in 1862 to represent Ohio's 19th District. Throughout Garfield's extended congressional service after the Civil War, he firmly supported the gold standard and gained a reputation as a skilled orator. Garfield initially agreed with Radical Republican views regarding Reconstruction, but later favored a moderate approach for civil rights enforcement for freedmen.
At the 1880 Republican National Convention, Senator-elect Garfield attended as campaign manager for Secretary of the Treasury John Sherman, and gave the presidential nomination speech for him. When neither Sherman nor his rivals – Ulysses S. Grant and James G. Blaine – could get enough votes to secure the nomination, delegates chose Garfield as a compromise on the 36th ballot. In the 1880 presidential election, Garfield conducted a low-key front porch campaign, and narrowly defeated Democrat Winfield Scott Hancock.
Garfield's accomplishments as president included a resurgence of presidential authority against senatorial courtesy in executive appointments, energizing American naval power, and purging corruption in the Post Office, all during his extremely short time in office. Garfield made notable diplomatic and judiciary appointments, including a U.S. Supreme Court justice. He enhanced the powers of the presidency when he defied the powerful New York senator Roscoe Conkling by appointing William H. Robertson to the lucrative post of Collector of the Port of New York, starting a fracas that ended with Robertson's confirmation and Conkling's resignation from the Senate. Garfield advocated agricultural technology, an educated electorate, and civil rights for African-Americans. He also proposed substantial civil service reform, eventually passed by Congress in 1883 and signed into law by his successor, Chester A. Arthur, as the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act. With his term cut short by his death after only 200 days, and much of it spent in ill health trying to recover from the attack, Garfield is little-remembered in the American cultural memory other than for his assassination; historians often forgo listing him in rankings of U.S. presidents due to the short length of his presidency.

Chester Arthur 2012 US Presidential One Dollar Coin

The Chester Arthur Presidential Dollar marked a significant shift for the coin series created to honor the former Presidents of the United States. This was the first coin which was not produced and distributed for general circulation, but only struck in limited quantities for release within numismatic products.

Leading up to the sixth year of the series, there had been some controversy and debate about the status of the program. The legislative requirement for Federal Reserve Banks to make the coins available during an introductory period led to an unintended stockpile of coins, stored at the expense of taxpayers. In response, several bills were introduced in Congress seeking to limit or abolish the series. Meanwhile, a study by the GAO determined savings of billions of dollars if the United States switched from paper dollars to coins. This prompted a bill which would require the transition to dollar coins within four years. Although none of the legislation became law, the Treasury Department used existing authority to suspend production of the coins for circulation.

After a delay from the original release date, the United States Mint began sales of rolls and boxes containing circulating quality examples of the Chester Arthur Presidential Dollar from either the Philadelphia or Denver Mint. On April 5, 2012, sales began for 25-coin rolls priced at $32.95, 250-coin boxes priced at $275.95, and 500-coin boxes priced at $550.95. On April 30, 100-coin bags were offered for sale priced at $111.95 each. All products came in special numismatic packaging, which indicated the President, mint mark, and face value of the contents.

Sales levels for these products quickly surpassed the US Mint’s initial demand estimate of 5 million coins. This required the Mint to restart production of the coins to fulfill demand from collector orders. Across the Philadelphia and Denver Mint facilities, the Mint would strike 10,080,000 circulating quality coins in total.

Later in the year, Chester Arthur Dollars were also included in the typically offered First Day Cover, annual sets, and newly introduced 4 coin sets.

The obverse of the Chester Arthur was designed and sculpted by Don Everhart. The portrait was surrounded by the required inscriptions indicating the President’s name, “In God We Trust”, the order of the Presidency, and the years served.

The reverse design of the coin carried the familiar rendition of the Statue of Liberty also designed by Don Everhart with inscriptions “United States of America” and the denomination “$1″.

Chester Arthur had assumed the Presidency in October 1881, following the assassination of James Garfield. He had only served for six months in the position of Vice President and prior to that was Collector of the Port of New York. During his tenure as president, he became a champion for civil service reform.

Chester Arthur Presidential Dollar Coin Specifications:
Diameter: 26.5 mm
Weight: 8.1g
Thickness: 2.0 mm
Edge: Lettered
Composition: 88.5% copper, 6% zinc, 3.5% manganese, 2% nickel
Mintage: 6,020,000 (Philadelphia), 4,060,000 (Denver)

Alice Paul and the Suffrage Movement 2012 10 Dollars First Spouse Gold Coins

Presidential $1 Coin — Lady Liberty Reverse Statue of Liberty, 1886

Chester Arthur 2012 One Dollar Coin Cover

Chester Arthur 21st President of the United States

Chester Arthur 2012 Presidential One Dollar Coin & First Spouse Medal Set

Presidential $1 Coins

2007 Presidential Dollars

George Washington John Adams Thomas Jefferson James Madison

2008 Presidential Dollars

James Monroe John Quincy Adams Andrew Jackson Martin Van Buren

2009 Presidential Dollars

William Henry Harrison John Tyler James Knox Polk Zachary Taylor

2010 Presidential Dollars

Millard Fillmore Franklin Pierce James Buchanan Abraham Lincoln

2011 Presidential Dollars

Andrew Johnson Ulysses S. Grant Rutherford B. Hayes James Garfield

2012 Presidential Dollars

Chester Arthur Grover Cleveland, First Term Benjamin Harrison

Grover Cleveland, Second Term

2013 Presidential Dollars

William McKinley Theodore Roosevelt William Howard Taft Woodrow Wilson

2014 Presidential Dollars

Warren G. Harding Calvin Coolidge Herbert Hoover Franklin Delano Roosevelt

2015 Presidential Dollars

Harry S. Truman Dwight D. Eisenhower John F. Kennedy Lyndon B. Johnson

2016 Presidential Dollars

Richard Nixon

Chester A. Arthur
Chester Alan Arthur (October 5, 1829 – November 18, 1886) was an American attorney and politician who served as the 21st President of the United States (1881–1885); he succeeded James A. Garfield upon the latter's assassination. At the outset, Arthur struggled to overcome a slightly negative reputation, which stemmed from his early career in politics as part of New York's Republican political machine. He succeeded by embracing the cause of civil service reform. His advocacy for, and subsequent enforcement of, the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act was the centerpiece of his administration.
Arthur was born in Fairfield, Vermont, grew up in upstate New York, and practiced law in New York City. He served as quartermaster general in the New York Militia during the American Civil War. Following the war, he devoted more time to Republican politics and quickly rose in the political machine run by New York Senator Roscoe Conkling. Appointed by President Ulysses S. Grant to the lucrative and politically powerful post of Collector of the Port of New York in 1871, Arthur was an important supporter of Conkling and the Stalwart faction of the Republican Party. In 1878 the new president, Rutherford B. Hayes, fired Arthur as part of a plan to reform the federal patronage system in New York. When Garfield won the Republican nomination for president in 1880, Arthur, an eastern Stalwart, was nominated for vice president to balance the ticket.
After just half a year as vice president, Arthur found himself in the executive mansion due to the assassination of his predecessor. To the surprise of reformers, Arthur took up the cause of reform, though it had once led to his expulsion from office. He signed the Pendleton Act into law and strongly enforced its provisions. He gained praise for his veto of a Rivers and Harbors Act that would have appropriated federal funds in a manner he thought excessive. He presided over the rebirth of the United States Navy, but was criticized for failing to alleviate the federal budget surplus, which had been accumulating since the end of the Civil War.
Suffering from poor health, Arthur made only a limited effort to secure the Republican Party's nomination in 1884; he retired at the close of his term. Journalist Alexander McClure later wrote, "No man ever entered the Presidency so profoundly and widely distrusted as Chester Alan Arthur, and no one ever retired ... more generally respected, alike by political friend and foe." Although his failing health and political temperament combined to make his administration less active than a modern presidency, he earned praise among contemporaries for his solid performance in office. The New York World summed up Arthur's presidency at his death in 1886: "No duty was neglected in his administration, and no adventurous project alarmed the nation." Mark Twain wrote of him, "It would be hard indeed to better President Arthur's administration." Over the 20th and 21st centuries, however, Arthur's reputation mostly faded among the public. Although some have praised his economic policies, present-day historians and scholars list him among the bottom half when ranking the American presidents.

Grover Cleveland, First Term 2012 US Presidential One Dollar Coin

The Grover Cleveland Presidential Dollar was the second release of the year and the twenty-second release for the series overall. Cleveland made an appearance on two different coins of the series since he had served as President during two nonconsecutive terms.

Prior to being elected President, Grover Cleveland was elected as the mayor of Buffalo and later the governor of New York. After serving one term as President, he was defeated by Benjamin Harrison despite winning the popular vote. He ran for President in the following election and became the first and only President to leave the White House and then return for a second term.

The coin representing his first term included his portrait on the obverse with inscriptions “Grover Cleveland”, “In God We Trust”, “22nd President”, and the years of the term “1885-1889″. The selected obverse was designed and sculpted by Don Everhart.

On the reverse of the coin was the familiar image of the Statue of Liberty, intended to represent the concept of Liberty. This was designed and sculpted by Don Everhart and had been used in common for all issues of the series. Inscriptions included “United States of America” and “$1″. The date, mint mark, and motto “E Pluribus Unum” appeared on the edge lettering of the coin.

Following the Treasury Department decision to suspend production of the series for circulation, the Grover Cleveland Presidential Dollars were only released within numismatic products offered by the United States Mint. Sales of 25-coin rolls, 100-coin bags, 250-coin boxes, and 500-coin boxes from either the Philadelphia or Denver Mint began on May 25, 2012. Sales were robust, leading the US Mint to expand production beyond the originally anticipated levels. In total 9,520,000 circulating quality coins would be produced.

In addition to the rolls, bags, and boxes of circulating quality coins, the US Mint also offered the coins as included within proof sets, uncirculated coin sets, and coin covers.

Around this time, the Mint announced that the launch ceremonies which had been held to mark each coin of the series would be cancelled. As such, there were no official ceremonies held to mark the release of any of the 2012-dated coins.

Grover Cleveland (First Term) Presidential Dollar Coin Specifications:
Diameter: 26.5 mm
Weight: 8.1g
Thickness: 2.0 mm
Edge: Lettered
Composition: 88.5% copper, 6% zinc, 3.5% manganese, 2% nickel
Mintage: 5,460,000 (Philadelphia), 4,060,000 (Denver)

Frances Cleveland First Term 2012 10 Dollars First Spouse Gold Coins

Frances Cleveland Second Term 2012 10 Dollars First Spouse Gold Coins

Presidential $1 Coin — Lady Liberty Reverse Statue of Liberty, 1886

President Grover Cleveland & First Spouse Frances Cleveland

Grover Cleveland (First Term) 2012 Presidential One Dollar Coin & First Spouse Medal Set

Presidential $1 Coins

2007 Presidential Dollars

George Washington John Adams Thomas Jefferson James Madison

2008 Presidential Dollars

James Monroe John Quincy Adams Andrew Jackson Martin Van Buren

2009 Presidential Dollars

William Henry Harrison John Tyler James Knox Polk Zachary Taylor

2010 Presidential Dollars

Millard Fillmore Franklin Pierce James Buchanan Abraham Lincoln

2011 Presidential Dollars

Andrew Johnson Ulysses S. Grant Rutherford B. Hayes James Garfield

2012 Presidential Dollars

Chester Arthur Grover Cleveland, First Term Benjamin Harrison

Grover Cleveland, Second Term

2013 Presidential Dollars

William McKinley Theodore Roosevelt William Howard Taft Woodrow Wilson

2014 Presidential Dollars

Warren G. Harding Calvin Coolidge Herbert Hoover Franklin Delano Roosevelt

2015 Presidential Dollars

Harry S. Truman Dwight D. Eisenhower John F. Kennedy Lyndon B. Johnson

2016 Presidential Dollars

Richard Nixon

Grover Cleveland
Stephen Grover Cleveland (March 18, 1837 – June 24, 1908) was the 22nd and 24th President of the United States. He was the winner of the popular vote for president three times – in 1884, 1888, and 1892 – and was one of the two Democrats (with Woodrow Wilson) to serve as president during the era of Republican political domination dating from 1861 to 1933. He is the only President in American history to serve non-consecutive terms in office and the only President to win the popular vote more times was Franklin Roosevelt.
Cleveland was the leader of the pro-business Bourbon Democrats who opposed high tariffs, Free Silver, inflation, imperialism, and subsidies to business, farmers, or veterans. His crusade for political reform and fiscal conservatism made him an icon for American conservatives of the era. Cleveland won praise for his honesty, self-reliance, integrity, and commitment to the principles of classical liberalism. He relentlessly fought political corruption, patronage, and bossism. Indeed, as a reformer his prestige was so strong that the like-minded wing of the Republican Party, called "Mugwumps", largely bolted the GOP presidential ticket and swung to his support in the 1884 election.
As his second administration began, disaster hit the nation when the Panic of 1893 produced a severe national depression, which Cleveland was unable to reverse. It ruined his Democratic Party, opening the way for a Republican landslide in 1894 and for the agrarian and silverite seizure of the Democratic Party in 1896. The result was a political realignment that ended the Third Party System and launched the Fourth Party System as well as the Progressive Era.
Cleveland was a formidable policymaker, and he also drew corresponding criticism. His intervention in the Pullman Strike of 1894 to keep the railroads moving angered labor unions nationwide in addition to the party in Illinois; his support of the gold standard and opposition to Free Silver alienated the agrarian wing of the Democratic Party. Furthermore, critics complained that he had little imagination and seemed overwhelmed by the nation's economic disasters — depressions and strikes—in his second term. Even so, his reputation for probity and good character survived the troubles of his second term. Biographer Allan Nevins wrote: "In Grover Cleveland the greatness lies in typical rather than unusual qualities. He had no endowments that thousands of men do not have. He possessed honesty, courage, firmness, independence, and common sense. But he possessed them to a degree other men do not." Today, Cleveland is considered by most historians to have been a successful leader, generally ranked among the second tier of American presidents.

Benjamin Harrison 2012 US Presidential One Dollar Coin

The series of $1 coins honoring the former Presidents of the United States continued with the issuance of the 2012 Benjamin Harrison Presidential Dollar. This was the third release of the year and the twenty-third release overall.

Benjamin Harrison was the grandson of William Henry Harrison, the ninth President of the United States, who famously served for only thirty days. Benjamin spent his professional life as a lawyer prior to serving in the Senate. In the 1888 Presidential election, he lost the popular vote, but won the electoral college, becoming the 23rd President of the United States.

The obverse design for the Benjamin Harrison Dollar was designed and sculpted by Phebe Hemphill. The portrait of the former president was surrounded by the required inscriptions indicating his name, the motto “In God We Trust”, the order of the Presidency, and the dates of the term.

On the reverse of the coin was an image of the Statue of Liberty. The design by Don Everhart has been used in common for each release of the series, creating a unifying element.

As with the other 2012-dated releases of the series, the Benjamin Harrison Presidential Dollars were not released for general circulation, but only struck in limited quantities and sold at a premium to face value within numismatic products offered by the United States Mint. This was the result of the Treasury Department decision to suspend production for circulation due to a build up of $1 coins held in storage.

On August 16, 2012, the US Mint began sales of circulating quality examples of the coins within 25-coin rolls, 100-coin bags, and 250-coin or 500-coin boxes. Each product type was available either with coins bearing the “P” mint mark for Philadelphia or the “D” mint mark for Denver. Sales of these products drove an overall mintage of 9,840,001 circulating quality coins produced across the Philadelphia and Denver Mint facilities.

Benjamin Harrison Presidential Dollar Coin Specifications:
Diameter: 26.5 mm
Weight: 8.1g
Thickness: 2.0 mm
Edge: Lettered
Composition: 88.5% copper, 6% zinc, 3.5% manganese, 2% nickel
Mintage: 5,640,001 (Philadelphia), 4,200,000 (Denver)

Caroline Harrison 2012 10 Dollars First Spouse Gold Coins

Presidential $1 Coin — Lady Liberty Reverse Statue of Liberty, 1886

Benjamin Harrison 2012 One Dollar Coin Cover

President Benjamin Harrison & First Spouse Caroline Harrison

Benjamin Harrison 2012 Presidential One Dollar Coin & First Spouse Medal Set

Presidential $1 Coins

2007 Presidential Dollars

George Washington John Adams Thomas Jefferson James Madison

2008 Presidential Dollars

James Monroe John Quincy Adams Andrew Jackson Martin Van Buren

2009 Presidential Dollars

William Henry Harrison John Tyler James Knox Polk Zachary Taylor

2010 Presidential Dollars

Millard Fillmore Franklin Pierce James Buchanan Abraham Lincoln

2011 Presidential Dollars

Andrew Johnson Ulysses S. Grant Rutherford B. Hayes James Garfield

2012 Presidential Dollars

Chester Arthur Grover Cleveland, First Term Benjamin Harrison

Grover Cleveland, Second Term

2013 Presidential Dollars

William McKinley Theodore Roosevelt William Howard Taft Woodrow Wilson

2014 Presidential Dollars

Warren G. Harding Calvin Coolidge Herbert Hoover Franklin Delano Roosevelt

2015 Presidential Dollars

Harry S. Truman Dwight D. Eisenhower John F. Kennedy Lyndon B. Johnson

2016 Presidential Dollars

Richard Nixon

Benjamin Harrison
Benjamin Harrison (August 20, 1833 – March 13, 1901) was the 23rd President of the United States (1889–1893); he was the grandson of the ninth President, William Henry Harrison. Before ascending to the presidency, Harrison established himself as a prominent local attorney, Presbyterian church leader and politician in Indianapolis, Indiana. During the American Civil War, he served the Union as a colonel and on February 14, 1865 was confirmed by the U.S. Senate as a brevet brigadier general of volunteers to rank from January 23, 1865. After the war, he unsuccessfully ran for the governorship of Indiana. He was later elected to the U.S. Senate by the Indiana legislature.
A Republican, Harrison was elected to the presidency in 1888, defeating the Democratic incumbent Grover Cleveland. Hallmarks of his administration included unprecedented economic legislation, including the McKinley Tariff, which imposed historic protective trade rates, and the Sherman Antitrust Act; Harrison facilitated the creation of the National Forests through an amendment to the Land Revision Act of 1891. He also substantially strengthened and modernized the Navy, and conducted an active foreign policy. He proposed, in vain, federal education funding as well as voting rights enforcement for African Americans during his administration.
Due in large part to surplus revenues from the tariffs, federal spending reached one billion dollars for the first time during his term. The spending issue in part led to the defeat of the Republicans in the 1890 mid-term elections. Harrison was defeated by Cleveland in his bid for re-election in 1892, due to the growing unpopularity of the high tariff and high federal spending. He then returned to private life in Indianapolis but later represented the Republic of Venezuela in an international case against the United Kingdom. In 1900, he traveled to Europe as part of the case and, after a brief stay, returned to Indianapolis. He died the following year of complications from influenza. Although many have praised Harrison's commitment to African Americans' voting rights, scholars and historians generally regard his administration as below-average, and rank him in the bottom half among U.S. presidents.

Grover Cleveland, 22nd and 24th president of the United States

Grover Cleveland, Second Term 2012 US Presidential One Dollar Coin

Grover Cleveland was be the only President honored on two different coins of the Presidential Dollar Program. The separate issues were required since he served in the White House during two non-consecutive terms.

After serving as the 22nd President from 1885-1889, Grover Cleveland lost his bid for reelection to Benjamin Harrison. Cleveland ran against Harrison again in the following election and this time prevailed. His second term from 1893-1897, was marked by the Panic of 1893 and attempts to deal with an economic depression.

The Grover Cleveland Presidential Dollar representing his second term featured a portrait on the obverse designed and sculpted by Don Everhart. The inscriptions included the president’s name, “In God We Trust”, “24th President”, and “1893-1897″.

Following suit with the rest of the series, the reverse design featured an image of the Statue of Liberty designed and sculpted by Don Everhart. The inscriptions included “United States of America” and the denomination expressed as “$1″. Incuse edge lettering on each coin contained the date, mint mark and motto “E Pluribus Unum”.

On November 15, 2012, the United States Mint opened sales for circulating quality examples of the coins packaged in 25-coin rolls, 100-coin bags, 250-coin boxes, and 500-coin boxes. Throughout the year the coins were also incorporated into Presidential Dollar Proof and Uncirculated Sets, as well as the traditional annual coin sets.

Following the suspension of production for circulation, the Grover Cleveland Dollars were not distributed through Federal Reserve Banks and therefore were not available at face value from banks.

Grover Cleveland (Second Term) Presidential Dollar Coin Specifications:
Diameter: 26.5 mm
Weight: 8.1g
Thickness: 2.0 mm
Edge: Lettered
Composition: 88.5% copper, 6% zinc, 3.5% manganese, 2% nickel
Mintage: 10,680,000 (Philadelphia), 3,920,000 (Denver)

Frances Cleveland First Term 2012 10 Dollars First Spouse Gold Coins

Frances Cleveland Second Term 2012 10 Dollars First Spouse Gold Coins

Presidential $1 Coin — Lady Liberty Reverse Statue of Liberty, 1886

Grover Cleveland (Second Term) 2012 One Dollar Coin Cover

Grover Cleveland (Second Term) 2012 Presidential One Dollar Coin & First Spouse Medal Set

Presidential $1 Coins

2007 Presidential Dollars

George Washington John Adams Thomas Jefferson James Madison

2008 Presidential Dollars

James Monroe John Quincy Adams Andrew Jackson Martin Van Buren

2009 Presidential Dollars

William Henry Harrison John Tyler James Knox Polk Zachary Taylor

2010 Presidential Dollars

Millard Fillmore Franklin Pierce James Buchanan Abraham Lincoln

2011 Presidential Dollars

Andrew Johnson Ulysses S. Grant Rutherford B. Hayes James Garfield

2012 Presidential Dollars

Chester Arthur Grover Cleveland, First Term Benjamin Harrison

Grover Cleveland, Second Term

2013 Presidential Dollars

William McKinley Theodore Roosevelt William Howard Taft Woodrow Wilson

2014 Presidential Dollars

Warren G. Harding Calvin Coolidge Herbert Hoover Franklin Delano Roosevelt

2015 Presidential Dollars

Harry S. Truman Dwight D. Eisenhower John F. Kennedy Lyndon B. Johnson

2016 Presidential Dollars

Richard Nixon

Grover Cleveland
Grover Cleveland, in full Stephen Grover Cleveland (born March 18, 1837, Caldwell, New Jersey, U.S.—died June 24, 1908, Princeton, New Jersey), 22nd and 24th president of the United States (1885–89 and 1893–97) and the only president ever to serve two discontinuous terms. Cleveland distinguished himself as one of the few truly honest and principled politicians of the Gilded Age. His view of the president’s function as primarily that of blocking legislative excesses made him quite popular during his first term, but that view cost him public support during his second term when he steadfastly denied a positive role for government in dealing with the worst economic collapse the nation had yet faced. (For a discussion of the history and nature of the presidency, see presidency of the United States of America.)

Early life and career
Cleveland was the son of Richard Falley Cleveland, an itinerant Presbyterian minister, and Ann Neal. The death of Grover Cleveland’s father in 1853 forced him to abandon school in order to support his mother and sisters. After clerking in a law firm in Buffalo, New York, he was admitted to the bar in 1859 and soon entered politics as a member of the Democratic Party. During the Civil War he was drafted but hired a substitute so that he could care for his mother—an altogether legal procedure but one that would make him vulnerable to political attack in the future. In 1863 he became assistant district attorney of Erie county, New York, and in 1870–73 he served as county sheriff. With this slight political background and only modest success as a lawyer, the apparently unambitious Buffalo attorney launched perhaps the most meteoric rise in American politics.
In 1881, eight years after stepping down as sheriff, Cleveland was nominated for mayor by Buffalo Democrats who remembered his honest and efficient service in that office. He won the election easily. As Buffalo’s chief executive he became known as the “veto mayor” for his rejection of spending measures he considered to be wasteful and corrupt. In 1882, without the support of the Tammany Hall Democratic machine in New York City, Cleveland received his party’s nomination for governor, and he went on to crush his Republican opponent by more than 200,000 votes.
As governor of New York, Cleveland again used the veto frequently, even to turn down measures that enjoyed wide public support. His devotion to principle and his unstinting opposition to Tammany Hall soon earned him a national reputation—particularly among Americans disgusted with the frequent scandals of Gilded Age politics.
In 1884 the Democrats sought a presidential candidate who would contrast sharply with Republican nominee James G. Blaine, a longtime Washington insider whose reputation for dishonesty and financial impropriety prompted the Republican Mugwump faction to bolt their party. Cleveland’s image was the opposite of Blaine’s, and he seemed likely to draw Mugwump votes to the Democratic ticket. As a result, Cleveland won the Democratic nomination with ease.
During the campaign, Cleveland’s image as the clean alternative to the supposedly sullied Blaine suffered serious damage when Republicans charged that the Democratic candidate had fathered a child out of wedlock some 10 years earlier. As Republicans joyously chortled, “Ma, ma, where’s my pa?,” Cleveland remained undaunted, and he instructed Democratic leaders to “Tell the truth.” The truth, as Cleveland admitted, was that he had had an affair with the child’s mother, Maria Halpin, and had agreed to provide financial support when she named him as the father, though he was uncertain whether the child was really his. Meanwhile, Democrats, trying to contrast Cleveland’s reputation with Blaine’s, chanted “Blaine Blaine, James G. Blaine, the continental liar from the state of Maine!” Late in the campaign, Blaine experienced an embarrassment of his own, when a supporter at a rally in New York City described the Democrats as the party of “rum, Romanism, and rebellion”—a swipe at the city’s Irish Catholics, many of whom Blaine hoped to lure into his camp. Although Blaine was present when the fateful words were spoken, he did nothing to dissociate himself from the remark. The general election was determined by electoral votes from New York state, which Blaine lost to Cleveland by fewer than 1,200 votes.

Presidency
As president, Cleveland continued to act in the same negative capacity that had marked his tenures as mayor and governor. He nullified fraudulent grants to some 80 million acres (30 million hectares) of Western public lands and vetoed hundreds of pension bills that would have sent federal funds to undeserving Civil War veterans. Once again, Cleveland’s rejection of wasteful and corrupt measures endeared the president to citizens who admired his honesty and courage. He also received credit for two of the more significant measures enacted by the federal government in the 1880s: the Interstate Commerce Act (1887), which established the Interstate Commerce Commission, the first regulatory agency in the United States, and the Dawes General Allotment Act (1887), which redistributed Indian reservation land to individual tribe members.
In 1886 Cleveland, a lifelong bachelor, married Frances Folsom, the daughter of his former law partner. Frances Cleveland, 27 years younger than her husband, proved to be a very popular first lady. To all appearances the marriage was a happy one, though during the 1888 presidential campaign she was forced to publicly refute Republican-spread rumours that Cleveland had beaten her during drunken rages.
The major issue of the 1888 presidential campaign was the protective tariff. Cleveland, running for reelection, opposed the high tariff, calling it unnecessary taxation imposed upon American consumers, while Republican candidate Benjamin Harrison defended protectionism. On election day, Cleveland won about 100,000 more popular votes than Harrison, evidence of the esteem in which the president was held and to the widespread desire for a lower tariff. Yet Harrison won the election by capturing a majority of votes in the electoral college (233 to 168), largely as a result of lavish campaign contributions from pro-tariff business interests in the crucial states of New York and Indiana.

Winning a second term
Cleveland spent the four years of the Harrison presidency in New York City, working for a prominent law firm. When the Republican-dominated Congress and the Harrison administration enacted the very high McKinley Tariff in 1890 and made the surplus in the treasury vanish in a massive spending spree, the path to a Democratic victory in 1892 seemed clear. Cleveland won his party’s nomination for the third consecutive time and then soundly defeated Harrison and Populist Party candidate James B. Weaver by 277 electoral votes to Harrison’s 145, making Cleveland the only president ever elected to discontinuous terms.
Early in Cleveland’s second term the United States sank into the most severe economic depression the country had yet experienced. Cleveland believed that the Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890—which required the secretary of the treasury to purchase 4.5 million ounces of silver each month—had eroded confidence in the stability of the currency and was thus at the root of the nation’s economic troubles. He called Congress into special session and, over considerable opposition from Southern and Western members of his own party, forced the repeal of the act. Yet the depression only worsened, and Cleveland’s negative view of government began to diminish his popularity. Apart from assuring a sound—i.e., gold-backed—currency, he insisted the government could do nothing to alleviate the suffering of the many thousands of people who had lost jobs, homes, and farms. His popularity sank even lower when—distraught over the diminishing quantity of gold in the treasury—he negotiated with a syndicate of bankers headed by John Pierpont Morgan to sell government bonds abroad for gold. The deal succeeded in replenishing the government’s gold supply, but the alliance between the president and one of the era’s leading “robber barons” intensified the feeling that Cleveland had lost touch with ordinary Americans.
That the president cared more about the interests of big business than those of ordinary Americans seemed manifest in Cleveland’s handling of the Pullman Strike in 1894. Cleveland sent federal troops to Chicago to quell violence at Pullman’s railroad car facility, despite the objections of Illinois Gov. John P. Altgeld. The strike was broken within a week, and the president received the plaudits of the business community. However, he had severed whatever support he still had in the ranks of labour.
In foreign policy Cleveland displayed the same courageous righteousness that characterized much of his domestic policy. He withdrew from the Senate a treaty for the annexation of Hawaii when he learned how the Hawaiian leader, Queen Liliuokalani, had been overthrown in an American-led coup. He also refused to be swept along with popular sentiment for intervention on behalf of Cuban insurgents fighting for independence from Spain. Yet he was not totally immune to the new spirit of American assertiveness on the international stage. By invoking the Monroe Doctrine, for example, he forced Britain to accept arbitration of a boundary dispute between its colony of British Guiana (now Guyana) and neighbouring Venezuela.
At the tumultuous Democratic convention in 1896, the party was divided between supporters of Cleveland and the gold standard and those who wanted a bimetallic standard of gold and silver designed to expand the nation’s money supply. When William Jennings Bryan delivered his impassioned Cross of Gold speech, the delegates not only nominated the little-known Bryan for president but also repudiated Cleveland—the first and only president ever to be so repudiated by his own party.
Cleveland retired to Princeton, New Jersey, where he became active in the affairs of Princeton University as a lecturer in public affairs and as a trustee (1901–08). As the rancour over the gold standard subsided with the return of prosperity, Cleveland regained much of the public admiration he had earlier enjoyed. Never again, however, would the Democratic Party adhere to the pro-business, limited-government views that so dominated his presidency, and Cleveland remains the most conservative Democrat to have occupied the White House since the Civil War.

William McKinley, 25th President of the United States

William McKinley 2013 US Presidential One Dollar Coin

The 2013 William McKinley Presidential Dollar began the seventh year of issuance for the ongoing Presidential $1 Coin Program. This represented the twenty-fifth release for the series, which had undergone some changes since its initial launch.

Starting in the previous year, production of the $1 coin for circulation was halted due to increasingly large stockpiles held at Federal Reserve Banks. The United States Mint would continue to produce circulating quality versions of each coin, however these would only be distributed within numismatic products at a premium to face value. The newest releases of the series would no longer be available from banks at face value.

William McKinley had served in Congress for a period of 14 years and then served two terms as the Governor of Ohio before being elected President. He served one full term and was re-elected for a second, which was cut short when McKinley was assassinated by an anarchist. His Vice President Theodore Roosevelt would assume the Presidency.

The obverse design of the William McKinley Dollar features a portrait of the former President designed and sculpted by Phebe Hemphill. The inscriptions include “William McKinley”, “In God We Trust”, “25th President”, and the years served “1897-1901″. The reverse design features a rendition of the Statue of Liberty, which has been used in common for the entire series to date. Incuse edge inscriptions include the date, mint mark, and motto “E Pluribus Unum”.

The United States Mint opened sales for circulating quality examples of the William McKinley Presidential Dollar starting on February 19, 2013. The coins were available from either the Philadelphia or Denver Mint facilities, packaged in 25-coin rolls, 100-coin bags, 250-coin boxes, and 500-coin boxes. A total of 9,940,000 circulating quality coins would be produced across both facilities.

Collectible proof and uncirculated versions of the coin would also be incorporated into other numismatic products offered by the US Mint.

William McKinley Presidential Dollar Coin Specifications:
Diameter: 26.5 mm
Weight: 8.1g
Thickness: 2.0 mm
Edge: Lettered
Composition: 88.5% copper, 6% zinc, 3.5% manganese, 2% nickel
Mintage: 4,760,000 (Phiadelphia), 3,365,100 (Denver)

Ida McKinley 2013 10 Dollars First Spouse Gold Coins

Presidential $1 Coin — Lady Liberty Reverse Statue of Liberty, 1886

William McKinley 2013 One Dollar Coin Cover

Presidential $1 Coins

2007 Presidential Dollars

George Washington John Adams Thomas Jefferson James Madison

2008 Presidential Dollars

James Monroe John Quincy Adams Andrew Jackson Martin Van Buren

2009 Presidential Dollars

William Henry Harrison John Tyler James Knox Polk Zachary Taylor

2010 Presidential Dollars

Millard Fillmore Franklin Pierce James Buchanan Abraham Lincoln

2011 Presidential Dollars

Andrew Johnson Ulysses S. Grant Rutherford B. Hayes James Garfield

2012 Presidential Dollars

Chester Arthur Grover Cleveland, First Term Benjamin Harrison

Grover Cleveland, Second Term

2013 Presidential Dollars

William McKinley Theodore Roosevelt William Howard Taft Woodrow Wilson

2014 Presidential Dollars

Warren G. Harding Calvin Coolidge Herbert Hoover Franklin Delano Roosevelt

2015 Presidential Dollars

Harry S. Truman Dwight D. Eisenhower John F. Kennedy Lyndon B. Johnson

2016 Presidential Dollars

Richard Nixon

William McKinley
William McKinley (January 29, 1843 – September 14, 1901) was the 25th President of the United States, serving from March 4, 1897, until his assassination in September 1901, six months into his second term. McKinley led the nation to victory in the Spanish–American War, raised protective tariffs to promote American industry, and maintained the nation on the gold standard in a rejection of inflationary proposals.
McKinley was the last president to have served in the American Civil War, beginning as a private in the Union Army and ending as a brevet major. After the war, he settled in Canton, Ohio, where he practiced law and married Ida Saxton. In 1876, he was elected to Congress, where he became the Republican Party's expert on the protective tariff, which he promised would bring prosperity. His 1890 McKinley Tariff was highly controversial; which together with a Democratic redistricting aimed at gerrymandering him out of office, led to his defeat in the Democratic landslide of 1890. He was elected Ohio's governor in 1891 and 1893, steering a moderate course between capital and labor interests. With the aid of his close adviser Mark Hanna, he secured the Republican nomination for president in 1896, amid a deep economic depression. He defeated his Democratic rival, William Jennings Bryan, after a front-porch campaign in which he advocated "sound money" (the gold standard unless altered by international agreement) and promised that high tariffs would restore prosperity.
Rapid economic growth marked McKinley's presidency. He promoted the 1897 Dingley Tariff to protect manufacturers and factory workers from foreign competition, and in 1900, he secured the passage of the Gold Standard Act. McKinley hoped to persuade Spain to grant independence to rebellious Cuba without conflict, but when negotiation failed, he led the nation in the Spanish–American War of 1898; the U.S. victory was quick and decisive. As part of the peace settlement, Spain turned over to the United States its main overseas colonies of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines; Cuba was promised independence, but at that time remained under the control of the U.S. Army. The United States annexed the independent Republic of Hawaii in 1898 and it became a U.S. territory.
Historians regard McKinley's 1896 victory as a realigning election, in which the political stalemate of the post-Civil War era gave way to the Republican-dominated Fourth Party System, which began with the Progressive Era. McKinley defeated Bryan again in the 1900 presidential election, in a campaign focused on imperialism, protectionism, and free silver. However, his legacy was quickly cut short when he was shot on September 6, 1901 and died eight days later due to his injury, by Leon Czolgosz, a second-generation Polish-American with anarchist leanings; McKinley was succeeded by Vice President Theodore Roosevelt. As an innovator of American interventionism and pro-business sentiment, McKinley's presidency is generally considered above average, though his universally positive public perception was soon overshadowed by Roosevelt.

Theodore Roosevelt 2013 US Presidential One Dollar Coin

The 2013 Theodore Roosevelt Presidential Dollar represented the second release of the year for the series and the twenty-sixth release overall. The former President’s role in redesigning American coinage has particularly endeared him with collectors, prompting higher production levels for the issue as well as two special numismatic products.

Before becoming President, Theodore Roosevelt held various offices at the city, state, and federal levels including Assistant Secretary of the Navy and the Governor of New York. He was nominated as Vice President for the second term of William McKinley. Roosevelt became President upon McKinley’s assassination in 1901 and was later reelected for a second term. During his presidency, he personally commissioned sculptor Augustus Saint Gaudens to redesign the $10 and $20 gold coins, which marked the start of the Renaissance era of American coinage. Roosevelt is widely regarded as one of the greatest U.S. Presidents with notable accomplishments including trust busting, conservationism, and his receipt of the Nobel Peace Prize.

The Theodore Roosevelt Presidential Dollar features a portrait designed and sculpted by Joseph Menna. Inscriptions surrounding the portrait include “Theodore Roosevelt”, “In God We Trust”, “26th President”, and “1901-1909″. On the reverse of the coin is an image of the Statue of Liberty designed by Don Everhart with inscriptions “United States of America”, and the denomination “$1″. The edge of the coin includes the date and mint mark.

Following a decision of the Treasury Department, the 2013 Theodore Roosevelt Dollars were not released though the channels of circulation. Instead, the United States Mint offered circulating quality examples of the coin within bags, rolls, and boxes, which were sold at prices reflecting a premium to face value. Sales for these products officially opened on April 14, 2013.

Across the Philadelphia and Denver Mint facilities, total production of circulating quality examples of the coin reached 9,230,700 pieces, up by more than one million from the level of the prior release.

On September 3, 2013, the United States Mint offered the 2013 Theodore Roosevelt Presidential Discovery Set. This was an educational product targeted towards children. Each set included one 2013-P Theodore Roosevelt Presidential Dollar incorporated into an informational folder highlighting key milestones and accomplishments within the President’s life. The sets were priced at $9.95 and limited to an issuance of 20,000 units.

A second special numismatic product known as the 2013 Theodore Roosevelt Coin and Chronicles Set was offered on December 17, 2013. This more upscale product included a proof 2013-S Theodore Roosevelt Dollar, the Bald Eagle National Wildlife Refuge System Bronze Medal, and a 99.9% silver version of the Theodore Roosevelt Presidential Medal. Educational materials were also included which highlighted the 26th President’s legacy as a soldier, statesman, and conservationist. The sets were priced at $57.95 each with no stated product limit. A sell out occurred the following year at last reported sales of 15,145 units.

Theodore Roosevelt Presidential Dollar Coin Specifications:
Diameter: 26.5 mm
Weight: 8.1g
Thickness: 2.0 mm
Edge: Lettered
Composition: 88.5% copper, 6% zinc, 3.5% manganese, 2% nickel
Mintage: 5,310,700 (Philadelphia), 3,920,000 (Denver)

Edith Roosevelt 2013 10 Dollars First Spouse Gold Coins

Presidential $1 Coin — Lady Liberty Reverse Statue of Liberty, 1886

Theodore Roosevelt 2013 One Dollar Coin Cover

Presidential $1 Coins

2007 Presidential Dollars

George Washington John Adams Thomas Jefferson James Madison

2008 Presidential Dollars

James Monroe John Quincy Adams Andrew Jackson Martin Van Buren

2009 Presidential Dollars

William Henry Harrison John Tyler James Knox Polk Zachary Taylor

2010 Presidential Dollars

Millard Fillmore Franklin Pierce James Buchanan Abraham Lincoln

2011 Presidential Dollars

Andrew Johnson Ulysses S. Grant Rutherford B. Hayes James Garfield

2012 Presidential Dollars

Chester Arthur Grover Cleveland, First Term Benjamin Harrison

Grover Cleveland, Second Term

2013 Presidential Dollars

William McKinley Theodore Roosevelt William Howard Taft Woodrow Wilson

2014 Presidential Dollars

Warren G. Harding Calvin Coolidge Herbert Hoover Franklin Delano Roosevelt

2015 Presidential Dollars

Harry S. Truman Dwight D. Eisenhower John F. Kennedy Lyndon B. Johnson

2016 Presidential Dollars

Richard Nixon

Theodore Roosevelt
Theodore "TR" Roosevelt (October 27, 1858 – January 6, 1919) was an American statesman, author, explorer, soldier, naturalist, and reformer who served as the 26th President of the United States from 1901 to 1909. As a leader of the Republican Party during this time, he became a driving force for the Progressive Era in the United States in the early 20th century.
Born a sickly child with debilitating asthma, Roosevelt successfully overcame his health problems by embracing a strenuous lifestyle. He integrated his exuberant personality, vast range of interests, and world-famous achievements into a "cowboy" persona defined by robust masculinity. Home-schooled, he became a lifelong naturalist before attending Harvard College. His first of many books, The Naval War of 1812 (1882), established his reputation as both a learned historian and as a popular writer. Upon entering politics, he became the leader of the reform faction of Republicans in New York's state legislature. Following the deaths of his wife and mother, he took time to grieve by escaping to the wilderness of the American West and operating a cattle ranch in the Dakotas for a time, before returning East to run unsuccessfully for Mayor of New York City in 1886. He served as Assistant Secretary of the Navy under William McKinley, resigning after one year to serve with the Rough Riders, where he gained national fame for courage during the Spanish–American War. Returning a war hero, he was elected governor of New York in 1898. The state party leadership distrusted him, so they took the lead in moving him to the prestigious, but considered by them powerless, position of running for vice president as McKinley's running mate in the election of 1900. Roosevelt campaigned vigorously across the country, helping McKinley win re-election by a landslide on a platform of peace, prosperity, and conservatism.
Following the assassination of President McKinley in September 1901, Roosevelt, at age 42, became the youngest United States President in history. Leading his party and country into the Progressive Era, he championed his "Square Deal" domestic policies, promising the average citizen fairness, breaking of trusts, regulation of railroads, and pure food and drugs. Making conservation a top priority, he established myriad new national parks, forests, and monuments intended to preserve the nation's natural resources. In foreign policy, he focused on Central America, where he began construction of the Panama Canal. He greatly expanded the United States Navy, and sent the Great White Fleet on a world tour to project the United States' naval power around the globe. His successful efforts to end the Russo-Japanese War won him the 1906 Nobel Peace Prize.
Elected in 1904 to a full term, he continued his pursuit of progressive policies, but many of his efforts and much of his legislative agenda were eventually blocked in Congress. Roosevelt successfully groomed his close friend, William Howard Taft, to succeed him in the presidency, and after leaving office, went on safari in Africa and toured Europe. Returning to the USA, he became frustrated with Taft's approach as his successor, trying but failing to win the presidential nomination again himself in 1912. He then founded his own party, the Progressive, so-called "Bull Moose" Party, and called for wide-ranging progressive reforms. The split allowed the Democrats to win both the White House and a majority in the Congress in 1912, and Republicans aligned with Taft would control the Republican Party for decades.
Frustrated at home, Roosevelt led a two-year expedition in the Amazon, nearly dying of tropical disease. During World War I, he opposed President Wilson for keeping the U.S. out of the war against Germany, and offered his military services, which were never summoned. Although he planned to run again for president in 1920, his health quickly deteriorated, and he died in early 1919. Roosevelt has consistently been ranked by scholars as one of the greatest U.S. presidents. His face adorns Mount Rushmore alongside those of George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, and Abraham Lincoln.

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